NR 283 Exam 1 questions and answers graded A+

NR 283 Exam 1Cellular adaptation - correct answer A reversible, structural, or functional response both to normal or physiologic conditions and to adverse or pathologic conditions Cells can adapt to physiologic demands or stress to maintain a steady state called homeostasis. Atrophy - correct answer Decrease or shrinkage in cellular size Most common in skeletal muscle, the heart, secondary sex organs, and the brain Two types: physiologic and pathologic A decrease in cellular size caused by aging, disuse, or reduced/absent blood supply, hormonal stimulation, or neural stimulation. The amounts of endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and microfilaments decrease. The mechanisms of atrophy probably include decreased protein synthesis, increased protein catabolism, or both. e.g. muscular atrophy in the elderly, paralyzed, or anyone who is immobile Physiologic atrophy - correct answer Occurs with early development Pathologic atrophy - correct answer Occurs as a result of decreases in workload, pressure, use, blood supply, nutrition, hormonal stimulation, and nervous stimulation Disuse atrophy - correct answer A type of skeletal muscle atrophy that occurs when individuals are immobilized in bed for a prolonged time Dysplasia - correct answer Also called atypical hyperplasia