Unit 11 assignment 4
Gel Electrophoresis
Electrophoresis is used to separate diferenttsiied ragments o DNA. It can separate ragments that
difer by only one base pair and is iidely used in gene technology to separate DNA ragments or
identification and analysis. ohis practical ias an experiment in order to separate the DNA to see
their polarity and length.
Restriction eniymes alloi DNA samples to be cut into ragments. Each eniyme has an actiie site
that fits a specific recognition site on a length o DNA. ohe DNA sample is incubated iith restriction
eniymes iith restriction eniymes at 35t40 degrees or up to an hour.
1. Describe hoi gel electrophoresis is carried out
We place DNA samples into holes at one end o the agarose gel plate coiered by bufer
solution. ohe DNA ragments produced by the restriction eniyme actiiity are mixed iith
dense loading dye and placed into iells in the gel, coiered iith bufer solution.
Electrodes are placed in each end o the tank and ie push the DNA strands through a
gel filter by adding an electrical current so that ie can make it moie. As DNA has many
phosphate groups, it has an oierall negatiie charge so the ragments migrate toiards
the anode. Smaller DNA ragments pass more easily through the gel and traiel urther
than larger ones.
Staining the groups o DNA makes them iisible to the naked eye. It is harder to stain the
indiiidual strands because they are too small yet groups can be stained.
One has a negatiie side and one has a positiie side. ohe molecules moie to their
opposite charges.
2. Explain hoi it separates DNA ragments
Shorts strands moie through the holes in the gel more quickly than long strands, so the shorter
strands moie urther aiay rom the starting point than the longer ones do. DNA strands o the same
length iill moie at the same speed and end up grouped together. ohis iay the DNA strands iill sort
themselies.
Genetic fingerprint
Banding paterns
Human Geno
oesting antibiotics
oesting iaccines
Demonstrate paternity/maternity
Separating macromolecules such as DNA, RNA and other proteins. ohis makes it
possible or in ormation iniestigation to be conducted on each separate component.
Work out the exact genotype o an organic substance or things such as genetic
fingerprinting.
oo isolate one particular type o protein or research such as genetic engineering
Real li e applications
Gel Electrophoresis
Electrophoresis is used to separate diferenttsiied ragments o DNA. It can separate ragments that
difer by only one base pair and is iidely used in gene technology to separate DNA ragments or
identification and analysis. ohis practical ias an experiment in order to separate the DNA to see
their polarity and length.
Restriction eniymes alloi DNA samples to be cut into ragments. Each eniyme has an actiie site
that fits a specific recognition site on a length o DNA. ohe DNA sample is incubated iith restriction
eniymes iith restriction eniymes at 35t40 degrees or up to an hour.
1. Describe hoi gel electrophoresis is carried out
We place DNA samples into holes at one end o the agarose gel plate coiered by bufer
solution. ohe DNA ragments produced by the restriction eniyme actiiity are mixed iith
dense loading dye and placed into iells in the gel, coiered iith bufer solution.
Electrodes are placed in each end o the tank and ie push the DNA strands through a
gel filter by adding an electrical current so that ie can make it moie. As DNA has many
phosphate groups, it has an oierall negatiie charge so the ragments migrate toiards
the anode. Smaller DNA ragments pass more easily through the gel and traiel urther
than larger ones.
Staining the groups o DNA makes them iisible to the naked eye. It is harder to stain the
indiiidual strands because they are too small yet groups can be stained.
One has a negatiie side and one has a positiie side. ohe molecules moie to their
opposite charges.
2. Explain hoi it separates DNA ragments
Shorts strands moie through the holes in the gel more quickly than long strands, so the shorter
strands moie urther aiay rom the starting point than the longer ones do. DNA strands o the same
length iill moie at the same speed and end up grouped together. ohis iay the DNA strands iill sort
themselies.
Genetic fingerprint
Banding paterns
Human Geno
oesting antibiotics
oesting iaccines
Demonstrate paternity/maternity
Separating macromolecules such as DNA, RNA and other proteins. ohis makes it
possible or in ormation iniestigation to be conducted on each separate component.
Work out the exact genotype o an organic substance or things such as genetic
fingerprinting.
oo isolate one particular type o protein or research such as genetic engineering
Real li e applications
