VTCT Massage therapy course - Muscles (Level 3 version) Questions & Answers Already Graded A+

pectoralis minior - Answer-*Origin* = Ribs 3 and 5 *Insertion* = Coracoid process *Function* = Stabilises the scapula by drawing it anteroinferiorly against the thoracic wall. *Innervation* = Medial *pectoral nerve*. *Arterial supply* = thoracoacromial artery Subclavicus - Answer-*Origin* = Costochondrial junction of rib 1 *Insertion* = Subclavian groove of the clavicle *Function* = Anchors and depresses the clavicle. *Innervation* = The *nerve to subclavius* (orsubclavian nerve) *Arterial supply* = clavicular branch of the thoracoacromial artery and the suprascapular artery Trapezius - Answer-*Origin* = Superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7 to T12 vertebrae, intervening supraspinous ligament *Insertion* = Posterior border of lateral 1/3 of clavicle, medial border of acromion, and superior lip of the spine of the scapula.*Function* = The upper fibres of the trapezius elevate the scapula and rotates it during abduction of the arm. The middle fibres retract the scapula and the lower fibres pull the scapula inferiorly. *Innervation* = Motor innervation is from the *accessory nerve*. It also receives proprioceptor fibres from C3 and C4 spinal nerves. *Arterial supply* = superficial branch of transverse cervical artery or superficial cervical artery Rhomboid minor - Answer-*Origin* = C7 & T1 spinous processes *Insertion* = Medial border of scapula at root of spine *Function* = Retracts and rotates the scapula. *Innervation* = Dorsal *scapular nerve*. *Arterial supply* = Dorsal scapular artery Latissimus dorsi - Answer-*Origin* = T6 - T12 spinous processes, lumbosacral fascia and iliac crest *Insertion* = Floor of the intertubercular groove of the humerus *Function* = Extends, adducts and medially rotates the upper limb. *Innervation* = *Thoracodorsal nerve*. *Arterial supply* = Thoracodorsal artery (a branch of the subscapular artery)Pectoralis major - Answer-*Origin* = Manubrium and body of sternum, upper 6 costal cartilages, external oblique aponeurosis (sternocostal head); Medial ½ of anterior surface of clavicle (clavicular head) *Insertion* = Lateral lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus *Function* = Adducts and medially rotates the upper limb, and draws the scapula anteroinferiorly. The clavicular head also acts individually to flex the upper limb *Innervation* = Lateral and medial *pectoral nerves*. *Arterial supply* = lateral thoracic artery, the pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial artery, and the anterior intercostal perforators of the internal mammary artery. Deltoid - Answer-*Origin* = Anterior border of lateral 1/3 of the clavicle, the lateral border of the acromion, inferior lip of the spine of the scapula *Insertion* = Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus Function: - *Anterior fibres* - flexion and medial rotation. - *Posterior fibres* - extension and lateral rotation. - *Middle fibres* - the major abductor of the arm (takes over from the supraspinatus, which abducts the first 15 degrees). *Innervation* = *Axillary nerve* *Arterial supply*: - acromial and deltoid branches of the thoracoacromial artery - anterior and posterior humeral circumflex arteries- subscapular artery - deltoid branch of profunda brachii Biceps brachii - Answer-*Origin* = *Supraglenoid tubercle* (long head) and *coracoid process* (short head) *Insertion* = Radial tuberosity, and deep antebrachial fascia via bicipital aponeurosis