ACSM STUDY GUIDE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% SOLVED

ACSM STUDY GUIDE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% SOLVED BIOMECHANICS - answerprinciples of physics related to energy and force as they apply to the human body PROXIMAL - answerCLOSER TO THE TRUNK DISTAL - answerfurther from the trunk SUPERIOR (CRANIAL) - answerabove, toward the head INFERIOR (CAUDAL) - answerlower than, toward the feet ANTERIOR (VENTRAL) - answertoward the front POSTERIOR (DORSAL) - answertoward the back MEDIAL - answercloser to the midline LATERAL - answerfurther from the midline THREE CARDINAL BODY PLANES - answersagittal plane, frontal plane, transverse plane SAGITTAL PLANE - answermakes a division into right and left portions FRONTAL PLANE - answermakes a division into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions TRANSVERSE PLANE - answermakes a division into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) portions ROTATION - answermovement around a longitudinal axis, either toward or away from the midline CIRCUMDUCTION - answera combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction EVERSION - answerturning the sole of the foot away from the midline INVERSION - answerturning the sole of the foot toward the midline Bones of the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum... - answerAXIAL SKELETON VERTEBRAL COLUMN (SPINE) - answerserves as the main axial support for the body 4 Major curvatures of the adult vertebral column - answercervical curve, thoracic curve, lumbar curve, sacral curve KYPHOSIS "primary curves" - answercurves of the thoracic and sacral regions LORDOSIS "secondary curves" - answercurves of the cervical and lumbar region Commonly found abnormal curves in the sagittal plane - answerhyperkyphosis and hyperlordosis HYPERKYPHOSIS - answerexaggerated posterior thoracic curvature HYPERLORDOSIS - answerexaggerated anterior lumbar curvature Commonly found abnormal curve in the frontal plane - answerscoliosis STERNUM - answermidline of the chest What are the 3 parts of the sternum? - answermanubrium, body, xiphoid process RF for family history - answermyocardial infarction, coronary revascularization or sudden death to a 1st degree family member when >55 male, >65 female RF for cigarette smoking - answerwithin 6 months Risk factor for Dyslipidemia LDL - answerLgreater than 130 mg/dL RF Dyslipidemia Total Cholesterol - answergreater than 200 mg/dL RF Dyslipidemia low HDL - answerless than 40 mg/dL RF Sedentary minutes of activity, days of week, past # of months - answerless than 30 min/day, 3 days/week, for at least 3 months RF Prediabetes fasting blood glucose - answergreater than or equal to 100 mg/dL up to 126 greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL - answerFasting Blood Glucose for Diabetes diagnosis RF for Obesity - answerbody mass of greater then or equal to 30kg/m2; waist girthgreater than 102 cm for men and 88 cm for women RF Age men, women - answer45 men, 55 women Negative Risk Factor - answerHDL greater than 60 mg/dL RF for hypertensive - answersystolic greater than or equal to 140; diastolic greater then or equal to 90; confirmed by 2 separate occasions or on hypertension meds obesity - answerexcessivly high amounts of body fat or adipose tissue in relation to lean body mass overweight - answerincreased body weight, in relation to height when compared to some standard of acceptable or desirable weight percent fat - answerthe total amount of weight that is measured as fat tissue body mass index BMI - answerthe height to weight ratio can be misleading because it does not consider body type lean body mass - answernot fat tissue: muscle, bone, skin etc anorexia nervosa - answerthe disorder of self-induced starvation bulimia nervosa - answerthe psychologically addictive cycle of binging/purging USRDA food pyramid - answer1. fat, oils & sweets: use sparingly 2. milk, yogurt &cheese 2-3 servings; 3. meat, poultry, fish, dry beans, nuts, eggs: 2-3 servings; 4. fruits: 3-5 serv; 5. veggies: 3-5 serv. 6. bread, cereal, rice, & pasta: 6-11 serv female athlete triad - answeramenorrhea, osteoporosis, and eating disorders; when left untreated they damage the musculoskeletal and reproductive systems # of kilocalories in one gram - answerCarbo= 4; fats=9; protein=4; alcohol=7 guidelines for losing weight - answer500-1000 cal daily to lose 1-2 lbs. per wk; same to increase kilocalaries - answerequivalent to losing 1 lb of fat 3500cal waist-hip ratio - answerHips/Waist (ex. 45" waist and 36" hips... 36/45=.8) ratios above .86 for women and .95 for men indicate abdominal adiposity Heart Rate (HR) - answertotal # of times the heart contracts in one minute, increases with work-rate during exercise Stroke Volume - answeramount of blood pumped from the left ventricle in one beat