USABO open exam questions and answers

Classes of membrane molecules is a marker for the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells Phosphatidylserine Pollen grains are treated with Colchicine in culture Resulting plants are dihaploid and fertile Nyctinasty closing of leaves or flowers at night Epinasty perplexing behavior seen during the flooding of roots of plants Food source of black bread mold (a zygomycete) has been depleted a zygosporangia forms Membranes responsible for respiration in developing birds and reptiles Allantois and chorion Primary source of food for developing zebrafish larvae up to 5 days post fertilization Yolk Sac Ascending limb is thicker than descending because of the triple pumps (Na+/K+/Cl-) of the ascending limb consume a lot of ATP and need many mitochondria Keel extension of sternum where powerful pectoral flight muscles attach Struthioniformes is the order which birds are more likely to have a reduced keel Zygote divides radially into 8 cells. Each cell is totipotent, and coelom forms from an infolding pocket of archenteron This is a sea urchin (echinoidea)