AAMI Anatomy 1 Exam Questions and Answers

AAMI Anatomy 1 Exam Questions and Answers Pathological anatomy or morbid anatomy - ANSWER the study of anatomy in regards to the structural changes, both microscopically and macroscopicaly, in the body which occurs as a result of disease. Physiology or physiological anatomy - ANSWER studies of functions of living things or how the body works. Gross Anatomy or Macro-scopic anatomy - ANSWER the study of structures that can be studied with the unaided eye, without the use of a microscope. Microscopic Anatomy - ANSWER deals with the study of structures of the body that can be seen only with the use of a microscope. These structures are so small that they are best suited using a microscope. Histology - ANSWER the study of tissues in the body which can only be effectively studied with the aid of the microscope. Cytology - ANSWER the study of the structure of individual cells. Systemic Anatomy - ANSWER where the body is studied by individual systems such as digestion, circulatory, skeletal, or respiratory systems. Regional Anatomy - ANSWER will study some particular body region as a seperate unit, such as the head, chest, and abdominal areas, etc. Anatomical Position - ANSWER Standing erect, facing the observer, feet are flat on the floor, upper extremities are at the sides, palms of the hand are facing anteriorly. (towards the front) Prone Position - ANSWER refers to a subject lying face down or with the anterior surface down. Supine Position - ANSWER refers to a subject lying face up or with the anterior surface facing up. Anterior or ventral - ANSWER means toward or closer to the front of the body. Posterior or dorsal - ANSWER means towards or closer to the back of the body. Medial - ANSWER refers to something which is located toward the midline (center of the body), or median place of the body. Lateral - ANSWER refers to a location away from the median plane or towards the sides of the body (or body part). Superior, cephalad, cephalic, cranial - ANSWER these 4 terms refer to a structure that is located toward the head or upper part of the body away from the feet. Inferior or caudal - ANSWER refers to a structure that is located toward the tail end or the inferior end of the body; away from the head. Proximal - ANSWER literally means nearest. Something that is located toward or closer to the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk of the body, or closer to the point of origin. Distal - ANSWER to be distant; therefore it refers to something that is further away from the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk of the body or farther from the point of origin. Deep - ANSWER refers to something that is located away from the surface of the body or towards the inside of the body. Superficial - ANSWER pertaining to something that is near or on the surface of the body. Parietal - ANSWER relates to or forming the outer wall of a body cavity. Visceral - ANSWER pertains to organs; or the covering of an organ. Internal - ANSWER within the body; pertaining to the inside of the body, opposite of external. External - ANSWER pertaining to the exterior; the opposite of internal. Peripheral - ANSWER located at, or pertaining to, or outer surface of the body or body part; occurring away from the center. Central - ANSWER situated at of pertaining to a center or central point. Flexion - ANSWER a muscle action that decreases the angle at an articulation (joint). Bending your elbow. Extension - ANSWER a muscle action that increases the angle at an articulation (joint). Straightening or extending your forearm. Abduction - ANSWER a muscle action that moves an extremity away from the midline of the body. Adduction - ANSWER a muscle action that moves an extremity towards the midline of the body. Supination - ANSWER the act of rotating your forearm so that the palm of your hand faces superiorly or anteriorly. Pronation - ANSWER the act of rotating your forearm so that the palm of your hand faces inferiorly or posteriorly. Sagittal Plane - ANSWER a vertical plan that runs through the body and separates (divides) it into right and left portions. This plane doesn't make the distinction between equal or unequal. Midsagittal Plane - ANSWER a vertical plane that runs through the body, but directly through the midline or center, and divides it into equal portions. Parasagittal Plane - ANSWER this vertical plane wouldnt pass through the midline by rather of to one side, thus dividing the structure into unequal parts. Frontal or Coronal Plane - ANSWER will divide the body or organ into an anterior (front) or posterior (back) portions. Horizontal; Transverse or Cross-Sectional Plane - ANSWER runs parallel to the ground and divides the body into a superior (upper or top) or inferior (lower of bottom) portions. Head - ANSWER this is further subdivided into the skull and face. Skull or cranium - ANSWER the portion that encloses and protects the brain. Face - ANSWER the anterior aspect of the head which includes the eyes, mouth, chin, forehead, and cheeks.