NCE/Human Growth and Development questions with answers 2024

NCE/Human Growth and DevelopmentPsychoanalytical Theories - correct answer Assume that biological forces drive people and that the individual must struggle to control or channel them. Believe developmental proceeds in stages, and that personality characteristic developed in childhood remain stable over time. Sigmund Freud - correct answer Believed biological drives (sex and aggression) were the primary motivators of human behavior. He believed that personality developed in psychosexual stages. Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital - correct answer Pleasure focuses around the mouth-birth to 10mths, Pleasure focuses around the anus and the process of elimination-1 to 3 yrs. Pleasure focuses around the genitals-3 to 5 yrs. Dormancy of sexual desires-6 to 12 yrs. Erik Erikson - correct answer A)Erikson stresses the role of social (verses sexual) factors and his stages of development each involve a different pshychosocial crises B) Erikson places greater emphasis on the ego than on the id C) Erikson views personality development as a process that continues throughout the lifespan and involves an increasing "widening circle" of contacts with significant individuals, social institutions, and cultural practices Trust vs Mistrust (sensory state infancy) - correct answer Birth-2yrs, If feeding is pleasent____develops. Parents are central to social expansion of the child. Autonomy vs.Shame - correct answer 2yrs, Growing mastery of motor skills. If not allowed some independence at this stage, child may begin to feel _____and begin doubting own powers. Parents are central expansion of the child. Initiative vs. Guilt - correct answer (Locomotor or genital age)3-5yrs, Awareness begins to extend to other people and things. Curiosity develops. Sharing with others takes place as well as role exploration, which develops______. Parents are central to social exansion of the child. Industry vs. Inferiority - correct answer (School Age) 6yrs to adolescent, Child begins learning values and skills of society. Recognition for accomplishments promotes_____.Peers are central to social expansion of child. Identity vs. Role confusion - correct answer (Puberty and adolescense) 12-18yrs, process of finding out "Who am I" Failure leads to fasle sense of self. Peers are central to social expansion of the child. Intimacy vs. Isolation - correct answer (Young Adulthood) The stage at which meaningful and intimate relationships are developed. Peers are central to social expansion of the young person. Generativity vs. Stagnation - correct answer (Middle Adulthood) The ability to continue producing, reproducing and developing vs. sitting back, not growing and futhering oneself. Partners and intimate friends are central to social expansion. Integrity vs. Despair - correct answer (Older Adulthood) Those who have been successful in solving life's crises reach ego_____. They look back with a sense of achievement as opposed to feeling of______because of an imcomplete life. Mankind is central to social expansion. Jane Loevinger-Ego Development - correct answer Like Erik Erikson theory, believes that stages are important in revealing one's impulsiveness, self-protectiveness, conformity, conscientiousness, and autonomy. Jane Loevinger-Stages of Ego Development - correct answer Presocial, Symbotic, Impulsive, Self-protective, Conformist. Learning theorists - correct answer Believe that human beings are born neither good nor bad. The prominent idea is that people do nothing more than respond to their environment. Ivan Pavlov(Classical Conditioning) Uncondtional Stimulus - correct answer The stimulus that already evokes an uconditional response. Ex. Meat(UCS)-->salivation (UCR). Conditioned Stimulus - correct answer The stimulus is paired with unconditined stimulus in hopes that it will eventually evoke a similar response when presented alone.