ABA RBT definitions

Applied Behavior Analysis - answer-The science of human behavior as applied to real life situations. It is the application of behavior laws to change socially significant behavior to a meaningful degree. Behavior - answer-Any observable movement of a living thing. Have one or more dimensions that can be observed and measured, impacts the environment, bound by laws. Covert Behaviors - answer-Behaviors that cannot be observed by others, exp, thoughts, emotions, attitudes Behavioral definitions - answer-Should be operational, include verbs describing the behavior, objective and unambiguous, does not rely on internal states, a label of good or bad is not used. A novice should be able to recognize the behavior without having seen it before. Discrete Trial Instruction (DTI) - answer-One on one, breaking skills into smaller steps, teaching one step at a time until mastery, providing repetition, uses prompting and prompt fading procedures, uses positive reinforcement. Discrete Trial Cycle, SD chain - answer-Instruction (SD), response, consequence (feedback), inter-trial interval (pause) Discriminative Stimulus (SD) - answer-Stimuli in the environment that signal behavior and that are associated with reinforcement. SDs should be clear concise, and simple in the beginning. Response - answer-The behavior that is done in response to the instruction. It can be correct or incorrect Consequence/Feedback/SR (Reinforcing Stimulus) - answer-Consequence that immediately follows the response Inter-Trial Interval - answer-Pause after the reinforce has been given Prompt - answer-Assistance given to facilitate correct responding. Prompting reduces frustration and increases rate of learning. The prompt should occur with the SD or immediately after the SD is given. Types of Prompts - answer-Physical, Model, Verbal, Gestural, Proximity or positional, Visual Prompt Dependency - answer-Occurs when a child will not respond to an SD without prompting. This occurs when the RBT does not fade prompts appropriately, over prompts, or provides inadvertent prompts. Prompts should always be given from least intrusive to most intrusive. Prompt fading - answer-reduce assistance to a least intrusive prompt Time delay - answer-Transfers stimulus control to the natural stimulus by delaying the presentation of the prompt after the natural stimulus has been presented Stimulus fading - answer-Highlighting a physical dimension of a stimulus to increase the likelihood of a correct response, then the highlighted or exaggerated dimension is eventually faded out. Prompt Hierarchies - answer-A planned sequence of prompts in order of intrusiveness. New behaviors are taught using most to least intrusive prompts. Non-compliance and problem solving skills use least to most intrusive prompts.