CP: Transtheoretical Model (TTM)/Stages of Change with verified solutions already graded A+

Who developed the Transtheoretical Model? Prochaska in 1979. Prochaska believed what? That ppl progress thru distinct stages as they initiate & maintain a behavior. The Transtheoretical model is also called what? Stages of Motivational Readiness for Change aka Stages of Change (T/F) The Transtheoretical Model integrates several theories. True. What are the core constructs for the Theoretical Model? 1) Stages of Change (SOC) 2) Decisional Balance (DB) 3) Self-Efficacy (SE) 4) Processes of Change (POC) What demonstrates theoretical fidelity? Using the entirety (all constructs) of a theory. What does Self-Efficacy directly effect? Decisional Balance. What does Decisional Balance directly effect? Stages of Change. What does Process of Change directly effect? 1) Decisional Balance 2) Stages of Change What are the stages of the Theoretical Model? 1) Precontemplation 2) Contemplation 3) Preparation 4) Action 5) Maintenance 6) Termination What's characteristic of the Precontemplation stage? "Ignorance is bliss" a) The person is not truly convinced about the importance of the lifestyle goal. b) Didn't even know about the idea. c) Not intention to change in near future (6 months). d) Uniformed or under informed of consequences/risks. e) May feel demoralized &/or defensive. f) Labeled as "unmotivated" or "hard to reach," just not even considered it. What's characteristic of the Contemplation stage? "Sitting on the fence" a) The person has no definite plan for when to begin, but would like to change (w/in next 6 months) ---pros & cons are equal for these ppl; fence sitters ---"I know I should....but...." b) Plans to change in near future (6 months) c) Aware of pros & cons of changing d) May get stuck at this stage e) Motivational interviewing is ideal for this stage What's characteristic of the Preparation stage? "Testing the waters" a) The person has set a date to begin the new behavior & is planning the best strategy to carry out the change ---very at risk/vulnerable for falling back a stage b) Intention to take action in next month or so c) May have began to take some significant action in past year d) Unstable phase ---high risk of relapse What's characteristic of the Action stage? "Practicing" a) The person is engaged in making changes (less than 6 months) b) Made some changes in past 6 months c) Action needs to be defined based on the behavior d) High risk for relapse What's characteristic of the Maintenance stage? "Committed" a) The person is working to integrate the lifestyle change in to normal day-to-day life (6 months or more) b) Practicing the behavior for at least 6 months c) Working to integrate behavior into lifestyle d) Making it a habit What's characteristic of the Termination stage? "No relapses" a) For ppl that never go back/fall off the wagon. ---deals w/ addictive behaviors (smoking, drugs, alcohol), not useful for nonaddictive behavior. ---this state only works sometimes. b) 100% self-efficacy w/ the behavior ---will never not do it c) Idealistic ---for behaviors not addictive (T/F) The stages of the Transtheoretical Model are not linear. True. What is Decisional Balance? Weighing the pros & cons of changing (T/F) Self-Efficacy is situation or behavior specific. True. What is Self-Efficacy? The situation specific confidence that a person can cope w/ situations w/out relapsing to their unhealthy behavior. What are the Processes of Change (POC)? 10 activities used by an individual to modify thoughts, feelings, & the environment to help them as they move thru the stages. --Are used in intervention programs. --Like the independent variables that ppl need to apply in order to move thru the stages. What are the 10 POC? 1) Consciousness Raising 2) Dramatic Relief 3) Self Reevaluation 4) Environmental Reevaluation 5) Self Liberation 6) Helping Relationships 7) Counterconditioning 8) Contingency Management 9) Stimulus Control 10) Social Liberation What is Consciousness Raising? Inc'ing knowledge of causes, consequences, & cures for an unhealthy behavior. ---done for precontemplation stage thru education. What is Dramatic Relief? Experiencing negative emotions (worry, fear, anxiety) pertaining to unhealthy behavior. What is Self Re-evaluation? Realization that change affects self identity. ---PT wants pt to comprehend the benefits. What is Environmental Re-evaluation? Realization of behavior on social &/or physical environment. ---caring about consequences to others. What is Self Liberation? 1) Believing that one can change 2) Committing oneself to change [Extreme form of self-efficacy] What is Helping Relationships? Social support ---Seeking & using for change. ---Caring, trust, openness, acceptance. What is Counterconditioning? Substituting unhealthy behaviors for healthy. What is Contingency Management? Rewarding oneself for healthy behaviors. ---& lack of rewards for unhealthy behaviors. What is Stimulus Control? Cues & reminders to promote positive behavior &/or removing triggers for negative behaviors. [Similar to Cues to Action in the Health Belief Model] What is Social Liberation? Awareness of social norms changing towards positive behaviors. [Biggest influence on smokers (Smoke free laws); huge for physical activity too!] What POC are experiential/cognitive? 1) Consciousness Raising 2) Dramatic Relief