Foundations of Reading Pearson Exam
Questions with Correct Answers
Norm-referenced assessments - Answer-allow for comparison of the performance of
one student to the performance of other students in the same peer group.
Reliability - Answer-is the consistency of an assessment, test, or instrument across time
or items. A reliable assessment should produce the similar scores for the same student
if administered again.
Validity - Answer-is the extent to which an assessment, test, or instrument measures
what it is supposed to measure.
informal assessments - Answer-refer to any assessment or data collection that is not
norm-referenced or standardized.
Fluency assessments - Answer-measure the rate and automaticity that a student can
complete a task.
Criterion-referenced assessments - Answer-compare the performance of a student to a
particular
criterion such as an objective or standard.
Content validity - Answer-is achieved when the items of an assessment, test, or
instrument are representative of the content that is being measured.
Predictive validity - Answer-is a measure of an assessment, test, or instrument's ability
to predict the performance on a different variable later in time.
Informal reading inventories - Answer-are instruments designed to assess decoding and
comprehension levels (independent, instructional, and frustration). They are comprised
of graded reading passages and vocabulary words across a range of skill levels.
Student portfolios - Answer-are a collection of student work (products/artifacts) that are
selected to highlight accomplishments and achievement.
Rubrics - Answer-are used to rate a product with a scale and often descriptions.
Predictable books - Answer-use repeating words, phrases and sentences. They often
have rhyming
patterns that allow students to make guesses about what may happen next.
, Retelling - Answer-is an assessment activity often used in the classroom where
students assimilate and recall what they have read in an oral or written format to assess
reading comprehension.
Leveled texts - Answer-are a selection of books (fiction and nonfiction) that range from
the easiest to hardest. Structure, length, organization, vocabulary and words are some
of the criteria for leveling books.
Book-handling skills - Answer-require a child to be able to correctly hold a book, turn
pages, identify the front and back cover, understand that text is read from left to right,
and that speech can be translated to print.
Print directionality - Answer-is the concept that print is written and read from left to right.
Letter-sound correspondence - Answer-is the association of a letter with a speech
sound.
Phonemes - Answer-are units of speech sounds (letters or digraphs) represented by
vocal gestures
Alphabetic principle - Answer-is the understanding that written letters and letter patterns
represent sounds in spoken language.
word boundaries - Answer-knowing where one word ends and another one begins
syllable - Answer-is a word part that consists of at least 1 vowel or vowel sound.
Phonemic awareness - Answer-is recognizing and working with individual speech
sounds in
spoken words.
Print awareness - Answer-is understanding that print is organized on a page, print
conveys meaning, print is read left to right, and words are separated by spaces.
High frequency sight words - Answer-are commonly used words that students are
encouraged to learn automatically by sight.
Word recognition - Answer-is when a reader recognizes written words correctly.
Letter identification - Answer-is knowing the name and formation of the 26 uppercase
and
lowercase letter symbols.
Literal comprehension strategies - Answer-help students find answers to questions
stated right in the text
Questions with Correct Answers
Norm-referenced assessments - Answer-allow for comparison of the performance of
one student to the performance of other students in the same peer group.
Reliability - Answer-is the consistency of an assessment, test, or instrument across time
or items. A reliable assessment should produce the similar scores for the same student
if administered again.
Validity - Answer-is the extent to which an assessment, test, or instrument measures
what it is supposed to measure.
informal assessments - Answer-refer to any assessment or data collection that is not
norm-referenced or standardized.
Fluency assessments - Answer-measure the rate and automaticity that a student can
complete a task.
Criterion-referenced assessments - Answer-compare the performance of a student to a
particular
criterion such as an objective or standard.
Content validity - Answer-is achieved when the items of an assessment, test, or
instrument are representative of the content that is being measured.
Predictive validity - Answer-is a measure of an assessment, test, or instrument's ability
to predict the performance on a different variable later in time.
Informal reading inventories - Answer-are instruments designed to assess decoding and
comprehension levels (independent, instructional, and frustration). They are comprised
of graded reading passages and vocabulary words across a range of skill levels.
Student portfolios - Answer-are a collection of student work (products/artifacts) that are
selected to highlight accomplishments and achievement.
Rubrics - Answer-are used to rate a product with a scale and often descriptions.
Predictable books - Answer-use repeating words, phrases and sentences. They often
have rhyming
patterns that allow students to make guesses about what may happen next.
, Retelling - Answer-is an assessment activity often used in the classroom where
students assimilate and recall what they have read in an oral or written format to assess
reading comprehension.
Leveled texts - Answer-are a selection of books (fiction and nonfiction) that range from
the easiest to hardest. Structure, length, organization, vocabulary and words are some
of the criteria for leveling books.
Book-handling skills - Answer-require a child to be able to correctly hold a book, turn
pages, identify the front and back cover, understand that text is read from left to right,
and that speech can be translated to print.
Print directionality - Answer-is the concept that print is written and read from left to right.
Letter-sound correspondence - Answer-is the association of a letter with a speech
sound.
Phonemes - Answer-are units of speech sounds (letters or digraphs) represented by
vocal gestures
Alphabetic principle - Answer-is the understanding that written letters and letter patterns
represent sounds in spoken language.
word boundaries - Answer-knowing where one word ends and another one begins
syllable - Answer-is a word part that consists of at least 1 vowel or vowel sound.
Phonemic awareness - Answer-is recognizing and working with individual speech
sounds in
spoken words.
Print awareness - Answer-is understanding that print is organized on a page, print
conveys meaning, print is read left to right, and words are separated by spaces.
High frequency sight words - Answer-are commonly used words that students are
encouraged to learn automatically by sight.
Word recognition - Answer-is when a reader recognizes written words correctly.
Letter identification - Answer-is knowing the name and formation of the 26 uppercase
and
lowercase letter symbols.
Literal comprehension strategies - Answer-help students find answers to questions
stated right in the text
