APHY 101 SUMMER 2024 Final Exam with 100% correct answers
What is the difference between anatomy and physiology? - Answer Anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts, whereas physiology is the study of the function of body parts
What are the levels of organization? - Answer subatomic particles, atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
What are the requirements of life? - Answer Water, food, oxygen, heat, pressure
What are the characteristics of life? - Answer Movement (internal or gross); Responsiveness (reaction to internal or external change); Growth (increase in size without change in shape); Reproduction (new organisms or new cells); Respiration (use of oxygen; removal of CO2); Digestion (breakdown of food); Absorption (movement of substances through membranes and into fluids); Circulation (movement within body fluids); Assimilation (changing nutrients into chemically different forms); Excretion (removal of metabolic wastes)
Define homeostasis - Answer Body's maintenance of a stable environment
What is a homeostatic mechanism? - Answer the body maintains homeostasis through a number of self-regulating control systems; examples are regulating body temperature and pressure sensitive receptors to regulate body pressure
Define matter - Answer Anything that takes up space and has mass (weight). It is composed of elements.
Define element - Answer fundamental substance composed of chemically identical atoms
Define atoms - Answer smallest particle of an element; basic unit of matter What is the structure of an atom? - Answer An atom consists of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, with electrons in
orbit around the nucleus.
Atomic nucleus - Answer the nucleus contains protons and neutrons
Proton - Answer subatomic particle that has a positive charge
Neutron - Answer subatomic particle that has no charge
Electron - Answer subatomic particle that has a negative charge
Atomic number - Answer number or protons in nucleus
Atomic mass - Answer number of protons plus number of neutrons
What are covalent bonds? - Answer Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons to become stable with filled
outer shells
What are ionic bonds? - Answer 2 oppositely charged atoms form this bond when electrons are transferred from one atom to another atom
What are hydrogen bonds? - Answer Weak attraction between positive end of one polar molecule and negative end of another polar molecule; formed between water molecules
Define ion - Answer When atoms gain or lose electrons, they become ions. Define synthesis reaction - Answer Two or more atoms or molecules are joined together
Define decomposition reaction - Answer Larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones
Define exchange reaction - Answer Parts of molecules trade places
Define reactant - Answer The starting materials of the reaction - the atoms, ions, or molecules
Define product - Answer Substances formed at the end of the chemical reaction
Define catalyst - Answer influence the rates of chemical reactions
What is an acid? - Answer Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions in water
What is a base? - Answer Electrolytes that release ions that combine with hydrogen ions in water
What is a salt? - Answer Acids and bases that react to form water and electrolytes
What is a pH scale? - Answer represents the concentration of hydrogen ions [H+] in solution
Neutral solution - Answer pH 7; indicates equal concentrations of H+
and OH-
Acidic solution - Answer pH less than 7; indicates a greater concentration of H+
What is the difference between anatomy and physiology? - Answer Anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts, whereas physiology is the study of the function of body parts
What are the levels of organization? - Answer subatomic particles, atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
What are the requirements of life? - Answer Water, food, oxygen, heat, pressure
What are the characteristics of life? - Answer Movement (internal or gross); Responsiveness (reaction to internal or external change); Growth (increase in size without change in shape); Reproduction (new organisms or new cells); Respiration (use of oxygen; removal of CO2); Digestion (breakdown of food); Absorption (movement of substances through membranes and into fluids); Circulation (movement within body fluids); Assimilation (changing nutrients into chemically different forms); Excretion (removal of metabolic wastes)
Define homeostasis - Answer Body's maintenance of a stable environment
What is a homeostatic mechanism? - Answer the body maintains homeostasis through a number of self-regulating control systems; examples are regulating body temperature and pressure sensitive receptors to regulate body pressure
Define matter - Answer Anything that takes up space and has mass (weight). It is composed of elements.
Define element - Answer fundamental substance composed of chemically identical atoms
Define atoms - Answer smallest particle of an element; basic unit of matter What is the structure of an atom? - Answer An atom consists of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, with electrons in
orbit around the nucleus.
Atomic nucleus - Answer the nucleus contains protons and neutrons
Proton - Answer subatomic particle that has a positive charge
Neutron - Answer subatomic particle that has no charge
Electron - Answer subatomic particle that has a negative charge
Atomic number - Answer number or protons in nucleus
Atomic mass - Answer number of protons plus number of neutrons
What are covalent bonds? - Answer Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons to become stable with filled
outer shells
What are ionic bonds? - Answer 2 oppositely charged atoms form this bond when electrons are transferred from one atom to another atom
What are hydrogen bonds? - Answer Weak attraction between positive end of one polar molecule and negative end of another polar molecule; formed between water molecules
Define ion - Answer When atoms gain or lose electrons, they become ions. Define synthesis reaction - Answer Two or more atoms or molecules are joined together
Define decomposition reaction - Answer Larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones
Define exchange reaction - Answer Parts of molecules trade places
Define reactant - Answer The starting materials of the reaction - the atoms, ions, or molecules
Define product - Answer Substances formed at the end of the chemical reaction
Define catalyst - Answer influence the rates of chemical reactions
What is an acid? - Answer Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions in water
What is a base? - Answer Electrolytes that release ions that combine with hydrogen ions in water
What is a salt? - Answer Acids and bases that react to form water and electrolytes
What is a pH scale? - Answer represents the concentration of hydrogen ions [H+] in solution
Neutral solution - Answer pH 7; indicates equal concentrations of H+
and OH-
Acidic solution - Answer pH less than 7; indicates a greater concentration of H+
