Psych 100 PSU 16' Crosby Exam 1 With Complete Solutions

Psych 100 PSU 16' Crosby Exam 1 With Complete Solutions Wilhelm Wundt - answerestablished the first psychology lab at the University of Leipzig, Germany; "Father of Psychology" Structuralism - answerearly school of thought promoted by Wundt and Tichener; used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind Functionalism - answerearly school of thought promoted by James and influenced by Darwin; explored how metal and behavioral processes function-- how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish John B. Watson - answerDismissed introspection and redefined psychology as " the scientific study of observable behavior"; Worked with Rosalie Rayner on controversial experiment on baby coined as "Little Albert" Behaviorism - answerthe view that psychology(1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior w/o reference to mental processes. Most psychologist today agree with (1) but not (2). Psychology - answerthe science of behavior and mental processes Sigmund Freud - answercontroversial ideas of this framed personality theorist and therapist have influenced humanity's self-understanding Case Study - answera descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles Control Group - answerthe group in an experiment or study that does not receive treatment by the researchers and is then used as a benchmark to measure how the other tested subjects do Correlation - answera measure of the extent to which two factors vary together; and thus how well either factor predicts the other Dependent Variable - answerin an experiment the outcome that is measured; the variable that may change when the independent variable is manipulated Independent variable - answerin an experiment, the factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied Hypothesis - answertestable prediction, often implied by a theory Naturalistic Observation - answera descriptive technique of observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation Experiment - answera research method in which an investigator manipulates one or more factors (independent variables) to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process(the dependent variable) Experimental Group - answerin an experiment the group exposed to the treatment that is, to one version, the independent variable Placebo effect - answerexperimental results caused by the expectation alone; any effect on behavior caused by the administration of an inert substance or condition, which the recipient assumes is an active agent. Ivan Pavlov - answerpioneered the study of learning; Russian physiologist known for work in classical conditioning Goals of psychology - answerdescribe, explain, predict and control the behavior and mental processes of others Laboratory Observation - answerresearchers bring in people to be participants in their test, which takes place in an environment controlled by the researchers, and will make the test as similar to a real life situation as possible Modern Perspectives in Psychology - answerneuroscience, evolutionary,behavior genetics, psycho dynamics, behavioral,cognitive,social-cultural Objective Introspection - answerthe examination of one's own conscious thoughts and feelings(mental state) Observer Bias - answera form of reactivity in which a researcher's cognitive bias causes them to subconsciously influence the participants of an experiment Observer Effect - answerchanges that the act of observation will make on a phenomenon being observed Representative Sample - answera small quantity of