AQA A LEVEL CHEMISTRY 7405/3 PAPER 3 VERSION 1.0 FINAL QUESTION PAPERS & MERGED MARKING SCHEME | JUNE 2023

Ethyl ethanoate can be made by reacting ethanol with ethanoic acid in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid. Method 1. A mixture of ethanol, ethanoic acid, and concentrated sulfuric acid, with anti-bumping granules, is heated under reflux for 10 minutes. 2. The apparatus is rearranged for distillation. 3. The mixture is heated to collect the liquid that distils between 70 and 85 °C 4. The distillate is placed in a separating funnel. Aqueous sodium carbonate is added, and a stopper is placed in the funnel. The mixture is shaken, releasing pressure as necessary. 5. The lower aqueous layer is removed and the upper organic layer is placed in a small conical flask. 6. Anhydrous calcium chloride is added to the sample in the conical flask. The flask is shaken well and left for a few minutes. 7. The liquid from the flask is redistilled and the distillate is collected between 74 and 79 °C 0 1 . 1 State the role of concentrated sulfuric acid in this reaction. [1 mark] 0 1 . 2 The reaction mixture is flammable. Suggest how the reaction mixture should be heated in step 1. [1 mark