keyconcepts
in the
groups periodic table
rates of reaction and energy changes
guess and earth science
sepeate chemistry2
groupl alkali metals
properties silvery solids
have to be stored in oil and handled with forceps chemical
buns
veryreactive i electron in outer shen
low mp and bp
verysoft cut with knife
reactivity readily lose single electron to join a it ion
as go down reactivityincreases atomic radius is large so less
to
attracted nucleus less energy neededto it
remove
only form ionic compounds dont covalent as electron easilylost
join
alkali metal t water metal hydroxide hydrogen
metal hydroxide solutions the hydroxidesformed will dissolve in water to
give alkaline solutions where name comesfrom
more violent reactions as Li moves
go down Na and K
fizzes
same but also melt in
neat ogreaction
Tetsnott
enoughtoigniten
group 7 halogens
diatomic molecules sharing one pair ofelectronsgivesgun outer sneer
as
go down mp bp increases
at room temp C z
fairly reactive poisonous greengas
red brown
Biz poisonous liquid which gives ogg an
orange vapour
12 poisonous dark grey crystalline solid which gives
off a purple vapour when heated
test chlorine bleaches damp litmuspaper blue white maygored first
for because acidic
as down reactivity decreases
reactivity go
atomic radius harder to attract electron
getslarger
reactions with metals react rigorously withsome metals to join salts caned
metal halides
reaction with hydrogen react toform hydrogen namides
Soluble dissolve in water to join acidic solution
hydrogenchloride forms hydrochloric acid
, y s y y
displacement reactions a more reactive
halogen can displace a less reactive
one from a solution of its salt
redox reactions halogens gain electrons halide ions lose electrons
use to snow reactivity trends I measure out a small amount of
have salt solution in a test tube
2 add a drops of a halogensolution
few
to it and shake the tube gently
3 colourchange reactionhappened
displaced
4 repeat with different combos
Br orange solution
O noble gases i brown s tunion
group
gun outer shells inert dont react with much
alsomeans nonflammable
at room temptheyexist as colourlessmonatomic gases
uses inertness argon infilamentlamps non flammable stops not filament
burning
argon Krypton xenon in flashphotography stopflashfilament
fromburning in hightemp flashes
argon and helium protect metals being weeded stops not
metals reach've with oxygen
density low densities He and Ne are less dense than air
He used in airships and barons less dense than air baroons
gloat non ji onmable sagethan Hz
as densityincreases
as
go down
go down and
mp bp
increases
rates on reaction
mean rate quantity of reactant used orproduct joined
ofreaction time
precipitation observe a male through the solution and measure how longit
takes for it to disappear
change in mass measurespeedof reaction that produces a
gas
and
putflask on mass balance add reactants burg
cotton wool letsgasescape but not solid liquid
with
reaction'sfinished when mass stops changing
volume
ofgasgiver of gassyringe
reachor's finished when no more mass is produced
Investigating the effect of SA on rate
, g g ey g
calcium carbonate marble chips dilute hydrochloric acid
211cL Caco Cacia t H2O Coz
I use a measuring cylinder to measure100cm Ha and add to a conical
2 weigh out 2g marblechips with a mass balance and add to acid
flask
3 quickly attatch an empty syringe and start a stopwatch
4 take readings
gas
the gas volume at regular intervals 30s until thereis no
of
3 readingsin a row
change
S plot a for
graph of time and volume
G use a pestle and mortar tolightlycrush some more marblechips and
repeat the experiment with these samevolume Hcc and sane mass
marble
7 repeat with powdered chair
smallerparticleshave a bigger sa v ratio faster reaction
can use similar method to investigate concentration on reaction time
higher conc jaster rate
investigating the effectsof temp on rate
sodium thiosulfate reacts with HCl both colourlesssolutions to join a yellow
precipitate of suyw
211cL Na 5,0 2NaCl SO S H2O
1 measure out so em dilute sodiumthiosulfate solution and 10cm Ha use
og
a water bath to heat thento the same desired temp beforemixing
2 mix in conical
flask and place on pieceof paper with black cross and stat
stopwatch
3 record time taken cross to dissapea
4 repeat at
for
digeerttemps 3x at eachtempsame and
find mean
use some plane each n'me to keep depth the
have same person observe each time
factors affecting rate of reaction
tempt rate T
concentration pressureA rate T
SA T rate 1 smaller particles largesa
collision theory
rate I collisionfrequencyofreaching pancies
of reaction depends on 2 energy wangeredduring a couision
ie'm
p A particlesmovefaster collide more often
cone pressure T more particles hittingother particles
SA jorsamevolume of solid theresmorearea to collide with
in the
groups periodic table
rates of reaction and energy changes
guess and earth science
sepeate chemistry2
groupl alkali metals
properties silvery solids
have to be stored in oil and handled with forceps chemical
buns
veryreactive i electron in outer shen
low mp and bp
verysoft cut with knife
reactivity readily lose single electron to join a it ion
as go down reactivityincreases atomic radius is large so less
to
attracted nucleus less energy neededto it
remove
only form ionic compounds dont covalent as electron easilylost
join
alkali metal t water metal hydroxide hydrogen
metal hydroxide solutions the hydroxidesformed will dissolve in water to
give alkaline solutions where name comesfrom
more violent reactions as Li moves
go down Na and K
fizzes
same but also melt in
neat ogreaction
Tetsnott
enoughtoigniten
group 7 halogens
diatomic molecules sharing one pair ofelectronsgivesgun outer sneer
as
go down mp bp increases
at room temp C z
fairly reactive poisonous greengas
red brown
Biz poisonous liquid which gives ogg an
orange vapour
12 poisonous dark grey crystalline solid which gives
off a purple vapour when heated
test chlorine bleaches damp litmuspaper blue white maygored first
for because acidic
as down reactivity decreases
reactivity go
atomic radius harder to attract electron
getslarger
reactions with metals react rigorously withsome metals to join salts caned
metal halides
reaction with hydrogen react toform hydrogen namides
Soluble dissolve in water to join acidic solution
hydrogenchloride forms hydrochloric acid
, y s y y
displacement reactions a more reactive
halogen can displace a less reactive
one from a solution of its salt
redox reactions halogens gain electrons halide ions lose electrons
use to snow reactivity trends I measure out a small amount of
have salt solution in a test tube
2 add a drops of a halogensolution
few
to it and shake the tube gently
3 colourchange reactionhappened
displaced
4 repeat with different combos
Br orange solution
O noble gases i brown s tunion
group
gun outer shells inert dont react with much
alsomeans nonflammable
at room temptheyexist as colourlessmonatomic gases
uses inertness argon infilamentlamps non flammable stops not filament
burning
argon Krypton xenon in flashphotography stopflashfilament
fromburning in hightemp flashes
argon and helium protect metals being weeded stops not
metals reach've with oxygen
density low densities He and Ne are less dense than air
He used in airships and barons less dense than air baroons
gloat non ji onmable sagethan Hz
as densityincreases
as
go down
go down and
mp bp
increases
rates on reaction
mean rate quantity of reactant used orproduct joined
ofreaction time
precipitation observe a male through the solution and measure how longit
takes for it to disappear
change in mass measurespeedof reaction that produces a
gas
and
putflask on mass balance add reactants burg
cotton wool letsgasescape but not solid liquid
with
reaction'sfinished when mass stops changing
volume
ofgasgiver of gassyringe
reachor's finished when no more mass is produced
Investigating the effect of SA on rate
, g g ey g
calcium carbonate marble chips dilute hydrochloric acid
211cL Caco Cacia t H2O Coz
I use a measuring cylinder to measure100cm Ha and add to a conical
2 weigh out 2g marblechips with a mass balance and add to acid
flask
3 quickly attatch an empty syringe and start a stopwatch
4 take readings
gas
the gas volume at regular intervals 30s until thereis no
of
3 readingsin a row
change
S plot a for
graph of time and volume
G use a pestle and mortar tolightlycrush some more marblechips and
repeat the experiment with these samevolume Hcc and sane mass
marble
7 repeat with powdered chair
smallerparticleshave a bigger sa v ratio faster reaction
can use similar method to investigate concentration on reaction time
higher conc jaster rate
investigating the effectsof temp on rate
sodium thiosulfate reacts with HCl both colourlesssolutions to join a yellow
precipitate of suyw
211cL Na 5,0 2NaCl SO S H2O
1 measure out so em dilute sodiumthiosulfate solution and 10cm Ha use
og
a water bath to heat thento the same desired temp beforemixing
2 mix in conical
flask and place on pieceof paper with black cross and stat
stopwatch
3 record time taken cross to dissapea
4 repeat at
for
digeerttemps 3x at eachtempsame and
find mean
use some plane each n'me to keep depth the
have same person observe each time
factors affecting rate of reaction
tempt rate T
concentration pressureA rate T
SA T rate 1 smaller particles largesa
collision theory
rate I collisionfrequencyofreaching pancies
of reaction depends on 2 energy wangeredduring a couision
ie'm
p A particlesmovefaster collide more often
cone pressure T more particles hittingother particles
SA jorsamevolume of solid theresmorearea to collide with
