Openstax Psychology Chapter 2 Key Terms and Definitions

Openstax Psychology Chapter 2 Key Terms and Definitions Prefrontal Lobotomy example of what happens when we rely on our subjective impressions; brain damage before and after the surgery remained the same Heuristics mental shortcuts or rules of thumb Healthy Skpeticism strive to think critically about information we encounter (regardless of the source) Facts observable realities Opinions personal judgements, conclusions, or attitudes Theory a well-developed set of ideas that propose an explanation of observed phenomena Hypothesis a testable prediction about how the world will behave if our idea is correct Falsifiable capable of being false Case Study in depth study of rare cases (does not tell cause and effect); ex: Phineas Gage, H.M., Little Albert Anecdote a study of one person Naturalistic Observation watching behavior in real-world settings High Degree of External Validity extent to which we can generalize our findings to the real world Low Degree of Internal Validity extent to which we can draw cause-and-effect inferences