YR 2 CONTENT

Renal physiology


Functions of the kidney:
 Regulates EC compartment for cellular function
 Electroyltes
 Osmolarity
 Volume/BP balance
 Acid-base balance
 Excretion of metabolic waste products
 Conservation of useful substances
 Production and secretion of hormones
 Red cell production
 Calcium, phosphate and bone metabolism
 Gluconeogenesis

Chronic kidney failure=
 Hyperkalaemia
 Anaemia
 Acidosis
 Azotemia-buildup of waste products eg nitrogen
 Hypertension
 Renal osteodystrophy

Due to dysfunction of excretory/endocrine roles of the kidney

Renal disease signs and symptoms:
 Renal
 Extrarenal
 Asymptomatic

Glomerular disease:
 Non visible haemutria
 Proteinuria
 Chronic injury
 Loss of nephron mass
 Nephtitic- haemutria and moderate proteinuria
 Nephrotic- proteinuria and hypoalbuminia

Tubulointerstitial disease:
 Normal dipstick
 Tubular dysfunction
 Loss of nephron mass

Assessment of function:
GFR-best overall marker for function
Doesn’t indicate cause of disease