VTNE Practice Questions and Answers Latest 2024;Solved correctly

VTNE Practice Questions and Answers Latest 2024;Solved correctly Ancylostoma causes which zoonotic disease in humans? A) Ocular larva migrans B) Crohn's disease C) Visceral larva migrans D) Cutaneous larva migrans - answerD) Cutaneous larva migrans Explanation - Ancylostoma is a hookworm and is the most common cause of Cutaneous larva migrans. This is an intestinal parasite of dogs and cats. In this zoonotic disease, the parasite burrows under the skin in humans. Ocular and Visceral larva migrans are caused by Toxocara canis (roundworm). Crohn's disease is a type of severe inflammatory bowel disease in people with no correlation to our pet patients Why should atropine, a competitive antagonist of acetylcholine receptors, be used cautiously in horses (i.e. what is a major side effect of the drug)? A) Excessive use can result in intestinal stasis (colic) B) Excessive use can result in bradycardia C) Excessive use can result in diarrhea D) Excessive use can result in intense constriction of the pupil - answerA) Excessive use can result in intestinal stasis (colic) Explanation - Atropine is commonly used topically to dilate the pupil in horses with uveitis; with excessive administration, atropine can cause intestinal motility to decrease, possibly resulting in abdominal pain (colic) in the horse. Atropine is also used to increase the heart rate during general anesthesia How many milliliters of dextrose should be added to a 60 ml syringe of 0.9% NaCl to make a 2.5% dextrose solution? The patient weighs 20 kg, and the dextrose in the hospital comes in a 50% concentration. A) 0.6 ml B) 1.5 ml C) 3 ml D) 36 ml E) 120 ml - answerC) 3 ml Explanation - To answer this question, use the following equation: C(1)V(1) = C(2)V(2) C is the concentration V is the volume C(1) =0.025 V(1) = 60 ml C(2) = 0.50 V(2) = x 0.025(60)= 0.50x x = 3 ml Note that the body weight is completely unnecessary to calculate the answer to this problem. 200 ml of 25% dextrose should be added to one liter in order to make a 5% solution. In dogs, which of the following are all permanent teeth with 2 roots? A) Maxillary premolars 2, 3, and 4, and molar 1 B) Mandibular premolars 2, 3, and 4, and molar 1 C) Maxillary molars 1 and 2 D) Mandibular premolar 1 and molars - answerB) Mandibular premolars 2, 3, and 4, and molar 1 2 and 3 Explanation - While exceptions do occur, the following are generally accepted and true. In dogs, all of the permanent incisors and canine teeth have 1 root. In the mandible, premolar (PM) 1 has one root. PM 2, 3, and 4 all have two roots. M 1 and 2 have two roots. M3 can have one or two roots. In the maxilla, PM 1 has one root. PM 2 and 3 have two roots, although PM 3 can sometimes have 3 roots. PM 4 and M1 and 2 all have 3 roots. Which disease occurs when the body is unable to make or utilize insulin? A) Cushing's disease B) Diabetes C) Addison's disease D) Pancreatitis E) Hyperandrogenism - answerB) Diabetes Explanation - Diabetes mellitus occurs when the pancreas does not make insulin or when there is insulin resistance such that the body is unable to utilize insulin. Which cranial nerve is known for three major branches? A) CN I B) CN V C) CN XI D) CN XII - answerB) CN V Explanation - Cranial nerve V (five) is the Trigeminal nerve and has three major branches: First branch: Ophthalmic nerve- sensory to the eye socket and its contents, the anterior nasal cavity, and the skin of the nose and forehead. Second branch: Maxillary nerve- sensory to maxilla, nasal cavity/sinuses, palate, and part of the face. Third branch: Mandibular nerve (the largest branch)- sensory fibers to the lower jaw, the floor of the mouth, the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, the lower teeth, and supplies motor fibers to the muscles of mastication (note: that this is the only branch that supplies motor function). A patient who has stopped breathing after administration of a short-acting anesthetic can be described as being which of the following? A) Eupneic B) Atelectic C) Dyspneic D) Apneic - answerD) Apneic Explanation - This patient would be apneic, which means the patient is not breathing. Dyspnea implies difficulty breathing. Eupnea is normal respiration. Atelectasis is the description given to collapsed lungs Which condition occurs least commonly in the horse? A) Laminitis B) Intestinal incarceration C) Enterolithiasis D) Urolithiasis - answerD) Urolithiasis Explanation - As compared to small animals, urolithiasis is uncommon in horses. If they do develop stones in their bladder, it is usually secondary to formation of calcium oxalate crystals. Enterolithiasis and intestinal incarcerations are common reasons for colic in horses and usually require surgical intervention. Laminitis is a very serious and often life-threatening condition in horses. The pathophysiology of laminitis is poorly understood but involves inflammation of the lamina of the feet. It can involve all feet or even just one foot. There are multiple conditions that can lead to laminitis, such as endotoxemia, grain overload, and pneumonia. What is another method, besides drawing from the tail vein, to blood draw in a laboratory rat? A) Cephalic vein B) Periorbital plexus C) Jugular vein D) Anterior vena cava - answerB) Periorbital p