Pharmacology NCLEX Review questions with complete solution

Pharmacology
NCLEX
Review
Ca
channel
blockers
-
ANSWER-dipine
Erectile
dysfunction
-
ANSWER--afil
anesthetics
-
ANSWER--caine
ACE
inhibitor
-
ANSWER--pril
Benzodiazepine
-
ANSWER--pam,
-lam
antilipidemic
-
ANSWER-Statin
Corticosteroids
-
ANSWER-asone
and
solone
beta
blocker
-
ANSWER--olol
penicillin
-
ANSWER--cillin
oral
hypoglycemic
-
ANSWER--ide
Proton
Pump
Inhibitors
-
ANSWER--prazole
antiviral
-
ANSWER-vir
thrombolytic
-
ANSWER--ase
antiemetic
-
ANSWER--azine
bronchodilator
-
ANSWER--phylline
anticoagulant
-
ANSWER--arin antiulcer
-
ANSWER-dine
antihistamine
-
ANSWER-zine
antibiotic
-
ANSWER-cycline
and
floxacin
Aminoglycosides
-
ANSWER--mycin
tricyclic
antidepressants
-
ANSWER--tyline
SSRIs
-
ANSWER--pram,
-ine
Total
parenteral
Nutrition
-
ANSWER-HYPERTONIC
solution
containing
dextrose,
proteins,
electrolytes,
minerals,
trace
elements;
and
insulin
prescribed
according
to
the
client's
needs
and
administration
via
central
venous
device
(PICC
line,
subclavian,
or
internal
jugular
vein)
TPN
Care
and
Maintenance
-
ANSWER--before
admin,
verify
prescription
and
solution
with
another
nurse.
-admin
via
infusion
pump
-monitor
weight
daily
-monitor
and
record
I&O,
noting
fluid
balance.
-monitor
serum
glucose
levels
every
4
to
6
hr.
-monitor
for
signs
of
infection
-change
dressing
every
48
to
72
hr
per
facility
protocol
-change
IV
tubing
and
fluid
every
24
hr
-if
TPN
solution
is
temporarily
unavailable,
admin
dextrose
10%
in
water
to
prevent
hypoglycemia
acetaminophen
antidote
-
ANSWER-acetylcysteine
benzodiazepine
antidote
-
ANSWER-Flumazenil
curare
antidote
-
ANSWER-edrophonium
cyanide
poisoning
antidote
-
ANSWER-methylene
blue digitalis
antidote
-
ANSWER-Digoxin
immune
Fab
(Digibind)
ethylene
poisoning
antidote
-
ANSWER-Fomepizole
Heparin
antidote
-
ANSWER-protamine
sulfate
Iron
antidote
-
ANSWER-Deferoxamine
Lead
antidote
-
ANSWER-succimer
Magnesium
sulfate
antidote
-
ANSWER-calcium
gluconate
10%
narcotics
antidote
-
ANSWER-naloxone
Warfarin
antidote
-
ANSWER-Vitamin
K
antihypertensive
nursing
interventions
-
ANSWER--assess
weight,
VS,
and
hydration
status
-assess
blood
pressure
in
supine,
sitting,
and
standing
positions
-assess
renal
and
coagulation
labs
-take
meds
same
time
every
day
-avoid
hot
tubs
and
saunas
-do
not
discontinue
meds
abruptly
-prevent
orthostatic
hypotension
ACE
inhibitors
-
ANSWER--Action:
block
the
conversion
of
angiotensin
1
to
angiotensin
II
-Use:
hypertension,
heart
failure,
MI,
diabetic
nephropathy
-Captopril,
Enalapril,
Enalaprilat,
Fosinopril,
Lisinopril,
Losartan,
Valsartan,
Irbesartan
ACE
inhibitors
adverse
effects
-
ANSWER--precautions:
use
w/
caution
if
diuretic
therapy
is
in
place,
monitor
potassium
levels
-AE:
persistent
nonproductive
cough,
angioedema,
hypotension,
not
for
use
in
pregnancy
-NI:
Captopril
should
be
taken
1
hr
before
meals,
Monitor
BP,
Monitor
angioedema
give
epinephrine ARBs
action
-
ANSWER-selectively
block
the
binding
of
angiotensin
II
to
AT1
receptors
found
in
tissues
Calcium
Channel
Blockers
-
ANSWER--Action:
slows
movement
of
calcium
into
smooth-muscle
cells,
resulting
in
arterial
dilation
and
decreased
blood
pressure
-Use:
Angina,
hypertension
-Meds:
Nifedipine,
Verapamil,
Diltiazem,
Amlodipine
Ca
channel
blockers
AE
-
ANSWER--Precautions:
caution
if
taking
digoxin
or
beta
blockers,
contraindicated
in
HF,
heart
block,
or
bradycardia,
no
grapefruit
juice
-AE:
constipation,
reflex
tachycardia,
peripheral
edema,
toxicity
-NI:
don't
crush
or
chew
tablets,
admin
IV
injection
over
2
to
3
min,
slowly
taper
dose,
monitor
HR
and
BP
Alpha
Adrenergic
Blockers
-
ANSWER--Action:
selectively
inhibit
alpha
1
adrenergic
receptors,
resulting
in
peripheral
arterial
and
venous
dilation
that
lowers
blood
pressure
-Use:
primary
hypertension
-Meds:
Prazosin,
Doxazosin
mesylate
Alpha
Adrenergic
Blockers
AE
-
ANSWER--precautions:
risk
for
hypotension
and
syncope
if
given
with
antihypertensives,
beta
blockers,
or
diuretics,
NSAIDs
may
decrease
effect.
-AE:
dizziness,
fainting
-NI:
Monitor
HR
and
BP,
take
med
at
bedtime
centrally
acting
alpha
2
agonists
-
ANSWER--action:
stimulate
alpha
adrenergic
receptors
in
the
brain
to
reduce
peripheral
vascular
resistance,
heart
rate,
and
systolic
and
diastolic
blood
pressure
-Use:
primary
hypertension,
hypertensive
crisis,
and
severe
cancer
pain
-Meds:
Clonidine,
Guanfacine
HCl,
Methyldopa
centrally
acting
alpha
2
agonists
AE
-
ANSWER--precautions:
contraindicated
w/
anticoagulant
therapy
and
hepatic
failure,
don't
take
with
MAOIs,
use
cautiously