PHC4101 Quiz 2 (100% Correct Answers)

Statistics correct answers Science used to interpret and understand numbers that describe the health of the population Causes of uncertainty: correct answers Conflicting results, missing data, ongoing studies (data changes), bias(ensures validity and accuracy)(blind studies), and confounding factors (outside variables affecting the study) Goals for Statistics correct answers Conduct high quality research projects and use statistics responsibility to quantify and reduce uncertainty. P-Value correct answers Amount of error in statistics; Probability that an event occurred by chance alone; Does not represent cause and effect; Does not determine strength; Want this value to be very small Power correct answers Ability of finding a relationship between variables if one truly exists Size and Power correct answers Larger samples make it easier to detect power; Does not mean a large study will be conclusive Law of Small Probabilities correct answers Even the rarest things are bound to happen occasionally; Accounts for naysayers who deny common side effects and results; "My grandmother smoked until she was 100 and never got cancer!" True Positive Test Result correct answers Person has the said condition and the test says the person has the condition False Positive Test Result correct answers Test says person is positive for the condition, but they are actually not; specificity; public health not concerned with this False Negative Test Result correct answers Test says the person is negative for the condition, but they actually have the condition; CAN CAUSE HARM; Public health very concerned with this; Sensitivity True Negative Test Result correct answers Test says the person is negative for the condition and they actually are. Test that reduces false negatives is... correct answers very sensitive Test that reduces false positives is... correct answers very specific Type of test public health prefers correct answers Sensitive Crude Rates correct answers No adjustments; Just report info; Basis for further analysis; Starting point