Rasmussen Patho Exam 1 EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS

Rasmussen Patho Exam 1 EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS Pathophysiology - ANSWER the study of how disease processes affect the function of the body sign vs symptom - ANSWER a sign is a physical manifestation (objective), a symptom is what the patient tells you about the disease (subjective) Cell components - ANSWER nucleus/nucleolus, cytoplasm, cell membrane General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) - ANSWER the body's adaptive response to stress in three phases—alarm, resistance, exhaustion. Intracellular fluid (ICF) - ANSWER fluid inside cells Extracellular fluid (ECF) - ANSWER fluid outside the cells; includes intravascular and interstitial fluids intravascular fluid - ANSWER fluid within blood vessels interstitial fluid - ANSWER liquid found between the cells of the body that provides much of the liquid environment of the body edema - ANSWER Abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissues. Fluid Volume Deficit (FVD) - ANSWER (hypovolemia) loss of both water and electrolytes in similar proportions from the ECF fluid overload - ANSWER a condition that occurs when the body cannot handle the amount of fluid consumed Hypervolemia - ANSWER abnormal increase in the volume of blood plasma in the body RAAS (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system) - ANSWER Maintain blood pressure; Renin is released by kidneys in response to decreased blood volume; causes angiotensinogen to split & produce angiotensin I; lungs convert angiotensin I to angiotensin II; angiotensin II stimulates adrenal gland to release aldosterone & causes an increase in peripheral vasoconstriction Sodium value: - ANSWER 135-145 mEq/L Hypernatremia - ANSWER increased sodium levels; thirst, muscle twitching, hyper flex is, seizure Hyponatremia - ANSWER 1. Headache 2. Seizure 3. Coma Potassium value - ANSWER 3.5-5.0 mEq/L Hypokalemia S/S - ANSWER Fatigue, Anorexia, N/V, Muscle weakness, Decreased GI motility, Dysrhythmias, Paresthesia, Flat T waves on ECG Hyperkalemia S/S - ANSWER Muscle weakness, Bradycardia, Dysrhythmias, Faccid paralysis, Intestinal colic, Tall T waves on ECG Calcium value - ANSWER 9.0-10.5 mg/dL Hypercalcemia S/S - ANSWER Muscle weakness, Constipation, Anorexia, N/V, Polyuria, Polydipsia, Neurosis, Dysrhythmias,