2022/2023 TEST BANK; PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS FOR ADVANCED PRACTICE NURSE PRESCRIBERS, 5TH EDITION WOO ROBINSON. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS(latest update)

Nurse practitioner prescriptive authority is regulated by who? - The State Board of Nursing for Each State What is the benefits of having an APRN prescriber? - APRN's care for patients more holistically and include patients in making decisions regarding their care What does clinical judgement in prescribing include? - Factoring in the cost of the particular What is included in the criteria for choosing and effective drug for a disorder? - Consulting nationally recognized guidelines for disease management NP's thrive under the new health-care reform because of what? - NP's have the ability to control care cost and improve patient outcome Nutritional intake and lab results reflect hypoalbuminemia; why is this important for prescribers? - The Distribution of drugs to target tissues may be affected Drugs that have an significant first-pass effect what? - they are rapidly metabolized by the liver and may have little if any desired action The route of excretion of a volatile drug will likely be? - Lungs Medroxyprogesterone (Depo Provera) is prescribed IM to create storage reservoir of the drug. What are storage reserviors - Increased the length of time a drug is available and active Why is Cephalexin given every 8 hours? What knowledge of the drug does the NP know? - Half Life Azithromycin doing requires that the first day's doing be twice those of the other four day; This is considered a loading does. What is a loading dose? - Rapidly actives drug levels in the therapeutic range The point in time on the drug concentration curve that indicates the first sign of a therapeutic effect is the: - Onset of action Phenytoin required that a trough level be drawn. When and why are peak and trough levels are done - To determine if a d rug is in the therapeutic range Drugs that are receptor agonists may demonstrate what property? - Concentrations will produce an adverse effect Factors that affect gastric drug absorption include - Lipid solubility of the drug Drugs that are receptors antagonists, such as beta-blockers, may cause what? - An exaggerated response if abrupt discontinues Drug administration via IV: 1) need to be lipid soluble in order to absorb easily 2) Begin distribution in the body immediately 3) Are easily absorbed if they are nonionized 4) May use pinocytosis to be absorbed - Are easily absorbed if they are nonionized What is the combination effect when a medication is added to a regimen for a synergistic effect? - Greater than the sum of the effects of each drug individually Which of the following statements about bioavailability is true? 1) Bioavailability issues are especially important for drugs with narrow therapeutic ranges or sustained-release mechanisms. 2) brands of a drug have the same bioavailability. 3) Drugs that are administered more than once a day have greater bioavailability than drugs given once daily. 4) Combining an active drug with an inert substance does not affect bioavailability. - Bioavailability issues are especially important for drugs with narrow therapeutic Which of the following statements about the major distribution barriers (blood-brain or fetal-placental) is true? 1) Water soluble and ionized drugs cross these barriers rapidly. 2) The blood-brain barrier slows the entry of many drugs into and from brain cells. 3) The fetal-placental barrier protects the fetus from drugs taken by the mother. 4) Lipid-soluble drugs do not pass these barriers and are safe for pregnant women - The blood-brain barrier slows the entry of many drugs into and from brain cells. What is the purpose of phase I and phase II of metabolism in the liver? - Change drug molecules to a form that an excretory organ can excrete What happens to the metabolites after they are metabolized in the liver? - the metabolite may or may not be more active than the parent drug and they are totally deactivated so they are excreted without and effect; it depends on the medication being given What causes the body to increased the excretion of a drug through the renal system - Unbinding a nonvolatile drug from plasma proteins.