ANCC PMHNP Chapter6 Exam Questions and Answers 2024

ANCC PMHNP Chapter6 Exam Questions and Answers 2024 Pharmacology - Answer ️️ -Study of what drugs do and how they do it Pharmacokinetics - Answer ️️ -Study of what the body does to drugs; includes absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion Pharmacodynamics - Answer ️️ -Study of what drugs do to the body Receptors, ion channels, enzymes and carrier proteins - Answer ️️ -Target sites for drug actions Absorption - Answer ️️ -Method and rate at which drugs leave the site of administration Absorption of oral medications - Answer ️️ -Normally occurs in the small intestine and then is ultimately metabolized by the liver Distribution - Answer ️️ -Occurs after the drug leaves the systemic circulation and enters the interstitium and cells Redistribution of drugs - Answer ️️ -Redistributed in organs according to the fat and protein content of the organ Psychotropic medications - Answer ️️ -Most of these drugs are lipophilic and highly protein bound Free portion of drug - Answer ️️ -Only part of drug that is active Low protein (albumin) levels - Answer ️️ -Can potentially experience toxicity from an increased amount of free drug Metabolism - Answer ️️ -Process by which the drug becomes chemically altered in the body First-pass metabolism - Answer ️️ -Process by which the drug is metabolized by P450 enzymes in the intestines and liver before going to the systemic circulation Elimination - Answer ️️ -Process by which the drug is removed from the body Half-life (T1/2) - Answer ️️ -Time needed to clear 50% of the drug from the plasma Dosing intervals and length of time to reach steady state is determined by the - Answer ️️ - Half-life Steady state - Answer ️️ -Point at which the amount of drug eliminated between doses is approximately equal to the dose administered Steady state - Answer ️️ -it takes about 5 half-lives to reach Steady State and about 5 half-lives to completely eliminate a drug Alterations in pharmacokinetics - Answer ️️ -Hepatic cytochrome P450 enzyme interactions can induce or inhibit the metabolism of certain drugs. Enzyme inducers - Answer ️️ -Can decrease the serum level of other drugs that are substrates of that enzyme, possible sub therapeutic levels Enzyme inhibitors - Answer ️️ -Can increase the serum level of other drugs that are substrate of that enzyme and can cause toxicity Liver disease - Answer ️️ -Affects liver enzyme activity and first-pass metabolism, risk of toxic drug levels Common enzyme inhibitors - Answer ️️ -Bupropion, Carbamazepine, Clomipramine Hypericum (St. John's Worth) Common enzyme inducers - Answer ️️ -Tagamet, erythromycin, Dilantin, fluoroquinolones, Duloxatine, Grapefruit juice, Ketoconazole,SSRIs: prozac, paxil, and fluvox Kidney disease and NSAIDS - Answer ️️ -may increase serum concentration that are excreted by the kidneys (ex. Lithium) Elderly people have - Answer ️️ -Decreased intracellular water, protein binding, low muscle mass, decreased metabolism and increased body fat