AFST UTK Exam 1 Kefentse Questions and Answers Rated A

AFST UTK Exam 1 Kefentse Questions and Answers Rated A Where was the Neanderthal skull found? Germany Where was homo erectus discovered? SE Asia, Sumatra What was significant about homo erectus? Walked upright and caught fire Neanderthal DNA was 4x's different than ours, meaning... two human species living together Who discovered Piltdown or Taung? Raymond What does Piltdown or Taung mean? Southern African ape What was Leake trying to find? The toolmaker Where did Leake go to find the "toolmaker"? Tanzania Who built the Great Pyramids of Giza? Khufu The Rosetta Stone - Ancient Egyptian Decree issued at Memphis - Allowed the translation of pyramid texts - Provided the key to understanding Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics - Located at the British Museum ** - 3 forms of the same text: 1. Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics 2. Demotic script 3. Ancient Greek What did the pyramid texts do? Provided instructions for pharaohs Who is considered "The Great Virgin"? Isis What does Osiris represent? resurrection & rebirth Old Kingdom - Most known for its pyramid building: includes the first pyramid, Pyramid of Djoser and the largest pyramid, The Great Pyramid at Giza, and the Great Sphinx. - The peak of the Old Period was during the Fourth Dynasty when pharaohs such as Sneferu and Khufu ruled Middle Kingdom - Known for EXPANSION within African borders - Regained stability after years of chaos under weak rulers - Extended control NORTH into Lower Nubia - Making Lower Nubia an Egyptian colony New Kingdom - a time of wealth, prosperity, and power in Egypt - Expanded OUTSIDE the borders of Africa - pharaohs: Thutmose III, Hatshepsut, Tutankhamun and Akhentaten - then fell under attack by the Kingdom of Kush. Later, the Assyrians attacked and managed to conquer much of Egypt around 650 BC. Hyksos - Foreign invaders attacked and dominated Lower Egypt -- They were from Western Asia - They brought bronze weapons - Cut-off Upper Egypt from trade in the Mediterranean -- Trade was heavy in the Mediterranean -- This weakened the power of the pharaohs -- Made it difficult to hold onto Lower Nubia Lower Nubia - Regained control of their territory after Hyksos attack - Nubia is once again an independent kingdom Hyksos defeated - Egyptians regained control - Hyksos expelled from Egypt due to Egyptian technology Who was Queen Hatshepsut? - First woman pharaoh - Built a Great Temple near Thebes: "Temple of Queen Hatshepsut" Who was Thutmosis III? - Stepson of Hatshepsut - Occupied Palestine, Syria, and Libya - Birthplace of Judaism Christianity - Egyptian Empire then extended South to contain Kush Who was Amenhotep IV? -Great great grandson of Thutmosis III -Changed name to Atkenaten -Introduced the God Aten ("only this God, no others") -Introduced monotheism to Egypt (belief of ONE God) Who was Tutankhamun? -Returned to the old order after Atkenaten's death -When the tomb of Tutankhamun was found it was still sealed -This was the only pharaohs tomb that was still intact from the time of burial When was Egypt conquered and by who? 332 bce by the Greeks - Alexander was the pharaoh of Egypt - When he died, Ptolemy was the pharaoh Who settled Carthage? Phoenicians The Phoenicians were known for what? - Controlled Western Mediterranean trade - Gained considerable wealth and territory - created an empire The 1st Punic War was caused by a dispute over Sicily What happens during the 1st Punic war? - Rome defeats Carthage - Carthage surrenders Sicily - Sicily becomes Rome's 1st province The 2nd Punic War was caused by Hannibal Barca who marched to Italy What happens during the 2nd Punic War? - Marched 90,000 infantry and 20,000 cavalry across the Swiss Alps - His most successful campaign = Battle of Cannae "Battle of Annihilation" - Hannibal did NOT attack Rome, but stayed in Italy - Romans marched against Carthage in North Africa - Hannibal returns and is defeated Goes into exile RESULT: Roman Empire & Carthage The 3rd Punic War was caused by Members of Roman Senate convinced others that Carthage was still a threat What happens during the 3rd Punic War? Rome attacked Carthage - Majority of its citizens were slaughtered - Survivors sold into slavery - Entire city was taken down