NUTR 280 exam 1 Questions With 100% Correct Answers.

Your food choices determine the ____ and ____ you consume. - nutrients and calories Define nutrients. - substances in food; vital for the body to function Nutrients provide... - Energy Serves as building material (calcium, protein) Help maintain or repair body parts Regulate body processes and support growth What is an essential nutrient? - must be consumed in the diet because the essential nutrients cannot be made by the body OR cannot be made in sufficient quantities to maintain body functions. What is a calorie? - unit of measure; expresses the amount of energy by a food or expended by the body. For a diet to be healthy, the foods you consume most of the time need to be... - "nutrient-dense", like rich in nutrients A measure of the nutrients provided by a food relative to its calorie content is called - nutrient density The more nutrient-dense a food... - the more nutrients it offers in relation to the number of calories. Why choose nutrient-dense foods? - Enables you to meet all your → nutrient requirements Typically, keeps you from exceeding your → calorie needs Eating this type of pattern → can occasionally (not regularly) have foods lower in nutrient density.High nutrient density foods contain... and are eaten as they are.... - MORE nutrients per calorie. Foods are eaten as they are → found in nature or with minimal processing Low nutrient density foods contain... Are they typically processed more? - fewer nutrients per calorie & are higher in "empty calories" (calories from unhealthy fats and added sugars) YES Nutrients can also be obtained through the _______ of foods - fortification What is fortification? - addition of nutrients to foods The initial reason for fortifying certain foods... Why fortification? - to help prevent nutrient deficiencies FDA required the fortification of certain foods with certain nutrients Problem with companies "voluntarily" adding nutrients (discretionary fortification) even if it is not mandated → - increases the chances of consuming an EXCESS of some nutrients which could be detrimental over time. Dietary supplements (another possible source of nutrients): - a product sold to supplement the diet. true of false: supplements do not offer all benefits of food & are not regulated by the FDA. - true Define phytochemicals -substances (not essential nutrients) found in plant-derived foods; (phyto=plants) -Bestow color, taste, and other characteristics to plant food.-May have health-promoting properties -Thought to play a role in reducing disease risk. Examples of pytochemicals (5 of them) - 1. Carotenoids 2. Phytoestrogens: 3. Lignans 4. Phytosterols 5. Flavonoids carrots put light pops flavor Carotenoids: o Give fruits & vegetables their → o May help to prevent → - rich color oxidation (act as antioxidants) Carotenoids: a. Beta-carotene: b. Lycopene: - yellow-orange pigment (carrots), found in dark green vegetables as well.