UCLA LING 1 HW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS

UCLA LING 1 HW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% PASS We know that the relation between the sound of a word and its meaning is arbitrary because: a. Different languages have different words that refer to the same objects/concepts. Consider the following sentence: "I don't need nothing from you." Would this sentence be correct according to a typical prescriptive grammar of English a. No. A prescriptive grammarian would judge this sentence as incorrect because a sentence is not supposed to have double negatives in English. Consider the following sentence: "I don't need nothing from you." Would this sentence be correct according to a descriptive grammarian? d. Yes. A descriptive grammarian would judge this sentence to be correct because native speakers of English actually say things like this. "When nine hundred years old you reach, look as good you will not." Would this sentence be correct according to a descriptive grammar of English? c. No. A descriptive grammarian would judge this sentence to be incorrect because native speakers of English reject such sentences. Consider the following statement, "Joe can name items that are presented in his right visual field." Choose the statement below that best describes the facts about Joe. d. The statement is true because an item in the right visual field will be processed in the left hemisphere. Joe is presented with two items simultaneously - a car in the right visual field, and a dog in the left visual field. When asked what he sees, he responds, "Dog." c. The statement is false because the item in the right visual is processed in the left hemisphere. Why can/can't Joe name items in his left visual field? a. Given the contralateral nature of brain function, stimuli in the left visual field are processed in the right hemisphere. Therefore, he cannot name items in his left visual field. Observe the utterances below, from patients with two distinct types of aphasia. Patient A: "Cinderella...poor...um'dopted her...scrubbed floor, um, tidy...poor, um...'dopted...si-sisters and mother...ball. Ball, prince um, shoe..." Name the condition that this patient suffers from. Which part o f the brain is typically affected? a. Broca's Aphasia Justify your answer to the question above by explaining the characteristic of this condition a. The speech is disfluent and the syntax is affected. b. The speech makes sense. Consider next data from Patient B, when a speech therapist provides her with an orange and patient B says: "I don't remember the word for this. You can find it in the kitchen on the counter. you eat it. It is round. It's hard. It smells familiar, but I can't remember what it's called." The patient's response indicates that... c. The patient has Anomia because there are difficulties in naming objects. However, their syntax is unaffected. Jimmy is a student in the 3rd grade. He is the best player on his soccer team, and excels in his math and science classes. His favorite subject is Art, and he especially loves to draw horses and elephants. In his art class, Jimmy has been overheard saying things like "Me got five crayon," "Her like yellow," and "You like picture?" According to this description, is it more likely that Jimmy has SLI or Williams Syndrome? a. He likely has Specific Language Impairment. His IQ seems to be in the typical range and his visual/spatial cognition seems to be intact, but he has grammar problems. Does Jimmy's story support the claim that there is on relationship between general intelligence and language ability? c. Yes, because Jimmy has typical range intelligence but impaired language abilities. [b] [z] [n] [r] [l] voicing [f] [θ] [s] [ʃ] [h] manner, voicing [k] [g] place, manner [i] [u] height, tenseness [ɪ] [ʊ] [ə] [ɛ] tenseness "cashed" [kæʃt] "selfie" [sɛlfi] "plumber" [plʌmər] "lambs" [læmz] "quote" [kwot] "justice" [ʤʌstɪs] "bathed" [beðd] "express" [ɛksprɛs] "giraffe" [ʤɪræf] "psycho" [sajko] Select the true statement(s) about the differences between SNAE and ME. b. Word final voiced stops in SNAE are voiceless stops in ME. a. Voiceless stops in SNAE are voiceless stops in ME. Select the true statement about the difference between SNAE and HKE. b. Word final [l] following a +back vowel in SNAE is deleted in HKE. According to the video how is the word "garage" pronounced in Australian English? [gæraʤ] According to the video how is the word "niche" pronounced in Australian English? [niʃ] According to the video how is the word "caramel" pronounced in Australian English? [kærəməl] According to the video how is the word "leisure" pronounced in Australian English? [lɛʒə] What is the correct word tree for "inalterability"? d. inalterability (n) inalterable (adj) ity (affix) in (affix) alterable (adj) alter (v) able (affix) Consider the trees below and what meanings they correspond to. c. Tree 2 means "not able to be tied." "boil" d. mitsho "try" b. nohtee How would you say "I will boil" in this language? d. nikamitshon If "banku" means "roll into a ball", how would you say: "S/he will try to roll into a ball"? b. kanohteebankux How would you say: "You rolled into a ball"? f. kikibankun Why is it significant that there are particular kinds of grammatical errors that children do not make? a. It suggests that language acquisition is guided by an innate mechanism. c. This is evidence that even very young children have grammars, although those grammars may be different than the adult grammar. In what sense does first language acquisition involve a "logical problem"? e. The kinds of input that a child receives does not seem commensurate with the grammatical knowledge that native speakers possess. Why do we think that Universal Grammar plays a central role in first language acquisition? a. The Poverty of the Stimulus b. The rapidity of acquisition and the depth of grammatical knowledge attained c. Similar stages of language acquisition for both spoken and signed languages Does the case of Genie provide evidence for or against the existence of a critical period for language? a. For. Genie began receiving language input only at puberty near the end of the critical period. She has not been able to acquire English to native-like levels. Comparing the cases of Genie and Chelsea, which one is more likely a better candidate to test the Critical Period Hypothesis for Language? f. Chelsea is better. She was brought up in a non-abusive environment so we know that psychological factors do not play a role. Studies of the acquisition of American Sign Language suggest that... b. There is a critical period for the acquisition of signed languages, just as for spoken language. Consider the following sentence and the phase structure tree that would be used to represent it: The shuttle crashed on Hoth. A LING 1 student runs constituency tests on this sentence and reaches some conclusions. Which are correct? a. There are two VPs in this sentence. b. "crashed on Hoth" is a constituent. c. The NP "the shuttle" is sister to a VP. d. The string "on Hoth" is a constituent. Consider the following sentence and the phase structure tree that would be used to represent it: The Wookie stole a comb. Which of the following statements is true about the correct PS tree for this sentence? c. "stole a comb" is a constituent. Which of the following statements is true about the constituency of this sentence? The Wookie stole a comb. a. The string "The Wookie" can undergo pronoun substitution. b. "It's a comb that the Wookie stole" shows that "a comb" can be clefted. c. "Wookie" cannot undergo do-so substitution. d. "a comb, the Wookie stole" shows that "a comb" can undergo fronting. Consider the following ambiguous sentence: The Jawa has attacked the Wookie with a blaster. Consider only the interpretation where the Jawa has the blaster and the phrase structure tree that corresponds to that specific interpretation. Which statement describes the correct tree for this sentence? e. B and C are correct. b. There are three VPs in the tree. c. The PP is sister to a VP. A LING 1 student ponders the results of the constituency tests that she ran on this sentence. What conclusions can she reach? b. "The Jawa has done so" shows that "attacked the Wookie with a blaster" is a VP constituent. Consider only the interpretation where the Wookie has the blaster and the phrase structure tree that corresponds to that interpretation. Which statement correctly describes the tree? d. The string "the Wookie with a blaster" is a constituent. Why might a native speaker of English think that this language is a form of "broken" English? e. Because English is the lexifier language. Indicate the correct statement(s) about language distribution worldwide. a. The vast majority of the world's population speak fewer than 350 languages in total. b. The vast majority of the world's languages are spoken by fewer than 10% of the total population. c. All living languages in Australia have at least one native speaker. Indicate the correct statement(s) about language around the world. b. Some languages do not have native speakers. What proportion of the world's languages is expected to disappear in the next century? e. more than half Why do some languages suffer from language shift? d. Some languages have higher prestige. So people shift to speaking a language that will help them get jobs. The boarding schools for Native American children were established to... c. suppress Native American identity, languages, and cultures. Native languages of North America... d. are mostly severely endangered. From the screening "The Linguists", the case of Chulym shows that... a. speakers' attitudes about their own language can affect its viability. What does it suggest about the English dialect/English-based creole Singlish? c. A non-standard dialect or creole can have the same range of uses as a standard language. Which areas of the world have large numbers of pidgin and creole languages? b. Caribbean, west Africa, western Pacific