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Summary rehab technology: TECHNOLOGICALLY-SUPPORTED UPPER LIMB REHAB

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Summary of the technology supported upper limb rehab lesson given by prof P.Feys of the rehab technology course. It is a summary of the powerpoint slides and additional items noted during the lesson. The slides were in English and my own notes are always in Dutch as much as possible. It is therefore a mix of the 2 languages because it is an English-language master. Everything is in dots, so no complete paragraphs

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December 17, 2023
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Written in
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Rehab tech.:Feys: Technology supported upper limb rehab

INTRODUCTION


What’s in a name?
 The term "rehabilitation technology" means the systematic application of technologies, engineering
methodologies, or scientific principles to meet the needs of and address the barriers confronted by
individuals with disabilities in areas which include education, rehabilitation, employment, transportation,
independent living, and recreation.
- Technische visie+ klinische visie
 The term includes rehabilitation engineering, assistive technology devices, and assistive technology
services

Robots & Electromechanical Devices/Sensors
 Amadeo
- Vingerbewegingen
- /p/;/ap/;/a/;/w/
- Testen spasticitet
 Balance board
 MIT motion
- 1e robot voor klinische doeleinde

Course content: New Technologies
 Robotics
- «Application of robotic devices to assist, enhance and intensify therapy.»
- Gaat BL effectief bewegen
- Heft motor
 Non-ActuatorDevices
- «Use of non-actuated devices (no motors) such as body weight support systems to facilitate
rehabilitation.»
- Electromechanische apparatuur
- In latere stages
- Beweegt arm niet meer
 Sensor Technology
- «Use of sensors (motion, force etc.) for assessing and enhancing therapy.»
 Virtual Reality
- «Use of virtual reality and environments for enhancing movement therapy & providing augmented
feedback»
- Meer FB dan zien in real life
- Augumenting expierence of performance

Key Factors for Recovery
Is technologie een meerwaarde voor behandeling?
 Als P niet veel kan= veelvragen van T
- Blijven aanmoedigen etc.
 Nog veel moet ontwikkeld worden in technologie
 Task segmentation
- Deek van 1 taak oefenen
 Variability
- Moeilijkheid; richtingen; bewegingen;…




Nala Melis Pagina 1

, Rehab tech.:Feys: Technology supported upper limb rehab
Advantages of new Technologies




Passive Technologies
 Orthoses
- Passive Walking aids.
 Functional Electrical Stimulation
- «Application of electrical stimulation to create functional movements and improve recovery.»
 Brain Stimulation
- «Application of electrical stimulation to the brain for enhancing recovery.»

FIRST DEVELOPMENTS IN TECHNOLOGY-SUPPORTED TRAINING & REHABILITATION

* The Gustav Zander's institute in Stockholm
- founded in the late nineteenth century (1870)
- featured 27 of the physician's custom-built machines.


 Why took (take) it so long before technologysupported training is accepted in rehab?
- Neuro-developmental treatment – Karel en Bertha Bobath
 Tone reduction & normal movement quality (selectivity)
 Waren tegen technologie
 Werken op bewegingskwaliteit
o Attentive voor hoe bewegen segmenten
- wat zijn de principes van bobath
 hands on therapy
 geen compensatie toegestaan
- apparaat met R= negatief
 ↑spiermassa & tonus
 Niet perse kwaliteit van beweging compensaties
- --> technology zou ervoor kunnen zorgen dat er toch compensaties voorkomen
- --> doel= tonus reductie (met technologie moelijker te controleren)

ACTIVITY-INDUCED NEUROPLASTICITY

 ! Active training enhances neuroplasticity
- results in reorganization of cortical maps
- Enkel hands on is niet voldoende
- Practicing perfection by 10000 touches
 Veel herhaling kan ervoor zorgen dat je een
beweging perfect kan uitvoeren
 Sommige apparten kunnen helpen bij BL reva
- Indien begeleid & /a/
 Veel herhaling nodig voor automatisatie
- In neuropatienten al blij zijn met kleine
verbeteringen


Nala Melis Pagina 2

, Rehab tech.:Feys: Technology supported upper limb rehab

KEY FACTORS FOR RECOVERY (zelfde fi g als supra)

 ! Neuroplasticity and learning can be driven by several key factors taken from motor learning theory.
Makkelijk Intensity Psychological factors
met technologie te verwezelijken - Repetitions - Motivation
- Duration
- Distribution/frequency
- Effort
- Difficulty
Kan dit met Manner Information
technologie bereikt worden? - Task segmentation - Instructions
- Specificity/functionality - Feedback
- Variability
- Initiation
- Shaping
 Intensity = frequency / duration / repetitions X effort / difficulty of task
- The ‘Black Box’ of traditional neuro-rehabilitation
- Quantify/Measure the dosage delivery
MECHANICAL CLASSIFICATION OF DEVICES
ROBOTS & ELECTROMECHANICAL DEVICES

 Exoskeleton / end-effector
- Exoskeleton: er is een mechanica rond het ledemaat, dat zo het ledemaat kan bewegen
 buiten lichaam
- End-effector: er is contact met een “endpoint”, dit kan bewogen worden
 Enkel vingers bewegen
 Distaal deel enkel bewegen
 Degree of freedoms (dof) proximal-distal arm
 Electromechanical
- Kan bewegen+ is electrisch gecontroleerd
 Detective beweging + gebruiken in VR
- Electrisch & mechanisch
- Zelfde als actuator
- Mechanische link
ARMEO SPRING Amadeo BI-MANU TRACK
not a robot, non-actuator Robot Robot
exoskeleton End effector End effector




 Exoskeleton  End-effector
 Zonder motor, met een veer  Zowel de P als de robot kan de
- /w/ kan zo aangepast beweging uitvoeren
worden
 P maakt alle bew.  (/a/, /p/ en /ap/)




Nala Melis Pagina 3

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