CPACC - Certified Professional in Accessibility Core Competencies

Certified Professional in Accessibility Core Competencies (CPACC)/ (Answered 100 Questions) CPACC Solution Guide for the IAAP CPACC Exam Name a disability that might not be obvious to an observer Dyslexia, hearing loss, seizure disorder What is the medical model of disability? The medical model of disability focuses solely on the biological aspects of disability. What disability model says that disability is an issue with inaccessible environments rather than people ? Social model What's a weakness of the social identity model? People might like this model because they feel excluded from society. What's a pro of the functional solutions model? It looks for helpful and realistic ways to solve problems What is the charity model? The idea that people with disabilities are the victims of unfortunate situations and deserve special treatment. What is a pro of the medical model? It's based on clearly defined factual information What are the weaknesses of the medical model? Very specific definitions can be an issue when some people don't fit into a box and might miss out on benefits or assistance that they need. It also overlooks the need for accessible environments because of its focus on the individual. And it can give a person an "other" label. What's the social model? The idea that disability is a function of how a person interacts with their environment. If things were designed in an accessible way, then a disability wouldn't be a barrier. What's a pro of the social model? It empowers people with a disability by putting the need for change on the environment instead of the person. It could indirectly influence designers and architects to create a more usable world. What are weaknesses of the social model? It can make a disability seem impersonal, and some people with disabilities feel like their disability is an important part of themself. It also de-emphasizes the reality that people with disabilities can face. What is the functional solutions model? It identifies the functional impairments of a person and looks for ways to create and innovate new ways to help people interact with their environment. What is a weakness of the functional solutions model? The search for a specific way to solve a problem might mean that a broader way to solve the problem is overlooked. What are three types of visual disabilities? Blindness, low vision, color blindness What are five types of mobility disorders? Manual dexterity/fine motor control, ambulation, muscle fatigue, body size, body shape and form What are some types of cognitive disorders? Intellectual, memory, reading, math comprehension, ADHD, learning, dyslexia, language, autism What are the two types of seizure disorders? Photosensitive and general seizure disorder What are three types of psychological disorders? Social, emotional, and behavioral What is the economic model? It defines disability by a person's ability to work What are pros of the economic model? It recognizes that some people will need modifications to their work environment and also that individuals who can't work may need financial assistance What are the cons of the economic model? It creates a specific standard for disability that a person has to meet, and it also can be stigmatizing What is the definition of perceivable? Making the output of web content available in multiple ways so different users can access it What is the definition of operable? Making the input methods for web content accessible to all users What's the definition of understandable? Making UI and content that everyone can comprehend What are ways to make a web product more understandable? Declaring the language of a page, checking/simplifying the reading level, explaining technical concepts and jargon, writing out the full name for acronyms and abbreviations the first time they're used, provide images or audio versions of the content, having a consistent layout, give clear instructions and error messages What's the definition of robust? Making sure there's compatibility with a variety of ways a user could interact with the content What are ways to make a site or product's code more robust? Use standard HTML markup and ARIA What are ways to make a site or product more perceivable? Make sure every non-text element has a text alternative and use ARIA How can you make a product or site more operable? Make sure that a person can use the site or product with whatever method works best for them by testing with different methods, only using JS elements when necessary, controlling the focus, giving users enough time to complete a task What are the 3 Universal Designs for Learning principles? 1. provide multiple means of representation 2. provide multiple means of action and expression 3. provide multiple means of engagement How can you provide multiple means of representation? Ensure different options are used to deliver information to students so students with disabilities and different learning styles have the same access to education What are ways to provide multiple means of action and expression? Give students different options for showing the knowledge they've gained. Some students will be good at quizzes and tests, but others will be better at projects or presentations. How can an instructor provide multiple means of engagement? Help students remember and process information so it will stay in their memories. Give students the chance to personalize what they're learning so they want to be involved. Help them keep their attention on the subject through collaboration and feedback. What's the Universal Declaration of Human Rights? A document created by the UN in 1948 that created the first list of global basic human rights What's the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities? A UN human rights treaty that was adopted in 2006 and went into effect in 2008, which was designed to change the way people with disabilities are looked at from objects in need of charity and medical diagnoses to subjects with rights and freedom. 163 countries have signed it and 181 have ratified it. In 2008 the Optional Protocol gave power to the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. What is the Marrakesh Treaty? Created in 2013 and became legally binding in 2016 by the World Intellectual Property Organization with the main goal of creating a set of mandatory limitations and exceptions for the benefit of the visual impaired. It allows organizations to create non-print versions without violating copyright. What are the categories of laws relating to disabilities? Civil rights laws, procurement laws, domain/industry-specific laws What are civil rights laws? Laws that work to remove discrimination in society to create equal opportunities for people with disabilities (like the ADA, Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act, the UK Equality Act of 2010, and the Japanese Act on the Elimination of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities) What are procurement laws? Laws that regulate products or services to ensure that they meet accessibility standards (like Section 508 and the EN 301 549: "Accessibility requirements suitable for public procurement of ICT products and services in Europe") What are industry-specific laws? Laws that regulate specific industries or technologies (like the 21st Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act, the Air Carrier Access Act, Web Standards for the Government of Canada, Standards sur l'accessibilité du Web, and other country-specific regulations for websites that are based on WCAG 1.0 or 2.0) What are the three phases of the web development process? Plan (set requirements and design the UX and UI), create (write text content, make graphics and videos, write the front end and back end code, add third party pieces), and test (code, content, and multimedia)