Samenvatting consolidation

Summary consolidation Fatima Irain




ECONOMIC GROUPS
1. Example – EURONAV


2. Why legal obligation to publish consolidated fi nancial
statements?
Management accounting (= internal reporting):

- Internal use: used by management themselves, to support management in management
decision making, planning,..
- Detailed and disaggregated information about products, divisions, plants, operations, tasks,
individual activities, etc.
- Confidential information
- Primarily forward-looking
- Computed by reference to the needs of managers (tailored to their own needs)  the one
who needs the information decides it

Financial accounting (= annual accounts):

- Information for external stakeholders such as shareholders, creditors, public regulators,
suppliers,..
- Focus on the company as a whole (not just divisions)
- Made available for public use
- Historical information
- Computed by reference to general financial accounting standards

Company  internal (employees, manager, owner) and external stakeholders (suppliers, society,
government, investors, customers)

A company is regarded as a junction of contractual relations, agreements,..  is the company able to
deliver?

Financial reporting = information towards external stakeholders:

 Shareholders
 Employees
 Customers
 Suppliers
 Government

External stakeholders need to understand the information provided  need for accounting standard
(legislation) to provide a frame of reference to interpret and understand the information provided
(so basically each company can be compared to another company because they have the same
formula)

Statutory annual accounts = information towards external stakeholders about:

 Solvency (equity/liabilities,..)
Of the legal entity (plc,
 Liquidity (cashflow, working capital,..)
LLC: NV, BVBA)

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,Summary consolidation Fatima Irain


 Profitability (earnings per share,..)
 ..

 insufficient for economic groups: activities are spread over multiple legal entities
 consolidated financial statements: economic entity!

Consolidated financial statements = the financial statements of a group in which the assets,
liabilities, equity, income, expenses and cash flow of the parent and its subsidiaries are presented as
those of a single economic entity. (profitability, solvency, liquidity of the economic entity)

Consolidated financial statements provide a true and fair view of assets, financial position and the
results of the group (C. Law art 115)

3. Annual accounts (statutory accounts): investments in
equity instruments
Purpose

Where can we find investments in equity instruments (equity investments, or the acquiring shares of
other companies = assets) in the annual accounts?

 51 (geldbeleggingen) – part of the working capital  short term investments of (temporary)
cash surplus, sold within the span of a year
 28 (financiële vaste activa) – classified as a non-current asset  non-current assets: resources
that are not expected to be consumed or sold within the normal operating cycle. Non-
current assets are acquired by a company to realise her goals in the long term (e.g.
machinery).

Investment in equity instruments (shares): non-current assets

Example: D’Ieteren is a Belgian import and distribution company of cars and has a need for transport
to get its products from the port of Antwerp where they arrive by ship towards the multiple selling
points in Belgium by truck.

3 ways to organise the transport by trucks:

1. Buy trucks and engage drivers
- Buy trucks: (D) 24 Vehicles @ (C) 55 Bank
- Using the trucks: each year (D) 63 Amortisations @ (C) 24..9 Accumulated depreciations
vehicles
- Drivers: (D) 62 Salaries @ (C) 55 Bank

2. External service provider
- Purchase invoice: (D) 61 Services @ (C) 55 Bank

3. Engage in one’s own transport company (separate legal entity)
- Acquiring a subsidiary: (D) 28 Shares @ (C) 55 Bank
- The subsidiary buys the truck and becomes the service provider:
 Contrary to an external provider, we own the company (shares = voting rights general




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, Summary consolidation Fatima Irain


assembly, general assembly appoints board of directors = policy and decisions)
 Risks related to transport are linked to the legal entity of the ‘subsidiary’




 Economic activities (selling products, distribution,..), assets, risks related to these activities or
assets ect, are spread over a multitude of legal entities (criteria: activities, country,..)
 1 economic group but +1 legal entities

Consolidated financial statements  reporting at the level of the economic entity, ie the economic
group

Annual accounts  reporting a level of the legal entity




Annual accounts

Investment in equity instruments (shares) non-current assets  points out the existence of an
economic group

Remarks:

- We do not necessarily need 100% of the voting rights, 50% (depending on the articles of
association) to appoint..
- Sometimes with less than the majority decisive power can be obtained
- Sometimes we only want to have influence on policy, instead of a decisive majority
- (explained later on)

Exercises set 1


CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. Defi nitions
Participation = voting rights acquired for the purpose of creating a sustainable and specific relation
with the entity, and to enable the holder to influence the orientation of management decisions (art
13)

Presumed (refutable) to be a participation:

1. Voting rights representing 10% or more


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