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Lecture notes Foundations in Sociology

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These notes describe and explain what race and ethnicity are and their key differences.

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December 6, 2023
Number of pages
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Written in
2022/2023
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David stockbridge
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04/10/22
Social class, Poverty, and Inequality
Are they interconnecting?
Social class is linked to poverty (Upper/Lower)
Lower has less opportunities
Inequality is a wide concept
What does inequality mean?
The condition whereby people unequal assess to valued resources,
services, or positions in society.




Inequality is a factor in:
Premature death (life expectancy) - Because people who live in
deprived areas could expect to have a shorter life span. This is due to a
lack of necessary resources (ex. health care).
Health - Because people who obtain low income tend to suffer with
accessibility to a healthier lifestyle (ex. diet). 'Fast food' is a lot cheaper,
therefore people who don't have enough money are drawn towards
unhealthy habits. Intake of drugs are some of the consequences.
Mobility - Because people who receive higher rates of inequality, tend to
have lower motivation to make more achievements in life.
Educational Success- Because the higher the inequality, the higher the
likelihood for a proper education (due to costs and achievements going
unnoticed).
Employment - Because people who suffer gender inequality are prone to
disadvantages in the workplace. (A difference in salary)

, Social Exclusion - Because there is a weight from social norms and
expectations (ex. cultural), people might feel as though they are belittled
and inferior.
EQUALITY VS EQUITY
*Equality = SAMENESS
*Equity = Fairness
How does Conflict Theory describe inequality within society?
It is described to be repetitive until stopped. Inequality results in social
unrest, friction and instability.
Supporting facts:
3.4 million African Americans would be alive, if life expectancy was
the same as caucasians.
The richest emit 1000x more carbon than the poor.
Disabled people are more likely to be jobless.
Different types of Description
inequality
Political Laws can favour some group over others
Access Unequal access to services (transport,
healthcare, banking, social services)
Opportunity Some people have more opportunities as a
result of upbringing and background
Gender Many decisions in society favour men over
women
There is a clear difference in income and
Economic wealth between age, race/ethnicity, gender,
religion
Health/Welfare Inequalities in well-being (quality/experience
in health care)
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