Enterprise Architecture
I.T - Architecture: The fundamental organisation of a system, embodied in its components, their
relationships to each other and the environment, and the principles governing its
Benefits of Enterprise Architecture:
- Alignment of the organisations IT planning and strategy with company business goals
- Management of risks associated with its information systems
- Optimal use of information systems resources
- Flexibility to adapt the IS to changing business models and management needs
- Provide framework for decision making projects
EA Domains:
1. Business Architecture
- Defines Human resources, processes, and infrastructure that a business needs to accomplish
its business strategy
- Describes groups of business functions, business processes, and concepts for which
management may assign responsibility
- Typical Components: Strategies, goals, objects, policies, business plan, plan of operations,
organization structure, business processes, workflows, events
2. Data Architecture
- Defines the needed data, how it is to be stores, how it is to be processed, how it is to be
utilized, and how it integrates with other main architectural domains
- DATA MODEL determines how the database is structured, as well as the operations that can
be performed on its data
- SQL is a technology that is used to define, access and manipulate data in a relational
database
- Operational database stores relatively current transaction data in support of tactical
decisions
- Data warehouses store enormous volumes of current and historical data for use in research
- Data marts contains subsets of the data contained in the operational database and data
warehouse
- Data mining warehouse may contain copies of subsets of the data warehouse
- OLAP involves complex analysis performed on data warehouses
, 3. Applications Architecture
4. Technology Architecture
a) Hardware
b) Software
- Describes the structure and behaviour of the IT infrastructure and defines standards,
principals, procedures, and best practices to govern the IT architecture
- 8 Technical domains:
➢ Applications
➢ Database
➢ Enterprise systems management
➢ Information
➢ Integration
➢ Network and telecommunications
➢ Platform
➢ Security
EA Framework:
Defines how to create and use an enterprise architecture by providing principals and practices for
creating and using architects’ description of a system
- EA Farmwork helps to structure thinking by dividing the description into domains, layers,
views, and models
, Zachman Framework
- Two dimensional matrix
- Rows specify type of stakeholders
- Columns specify aspects of the architecture
The Open Group Architecture Framework
- Provides an architecture development method (ADM) which specifies how the EA will meet
business goals
, Federal Enterprise Architecture
The FEA consists of a set of interrelated “reference models”
They facilitate cross – agency analysis and identification of duplicative investments, gaps and
opportunities for collaboration
Enterprise Architecture Governance
Objective: Harmonize the architectural requirements of an enterprise into an understandable set of
policies, processes, procedures and standards
The scope:
- Corporate Strategy: What the company will be and how it will compete
- Product Strategy: What the company sells and how it sells it
- Functional Strategies: Define how to operate the company
- IT Tactical Plans and execution: Implementation processes and tracking mechanisms
3 components of an effective EA governance:
1. Architectural review process: Establishes periodic reviews of solutions at various points in
the delivery Lifecyle
2. Standards management process: Establishes change control over standards
3. Roadmap Management process: manages change against the enterprise roadmap
EAG Implementation process:
Review and EAG approval → develop “how-to” procedures → finalize communication
I.T - Architecture: The fundamental organisation of a system, embodied in its components, their
relationships to each other and the environment, and the principles governing its
Benefits of Enterprise Architecture:
- Alignment of the organisations IT planning and strategy with company business goals
- Management of risks associated with its information systems
- Optimal use of information systems resources
- Flexibility to adapt the IS to changing business models and management needs
- Provide framework for decision making projects
EA Domains:
1. Business Architecture
- Defines Human resources, processes, and infrastructure that a business needs to accomplish
its business strategy
- Describes groups of business functions, business processes, and concepts for which
management may assign responsibility
- Typical Components: Strategies, goals, objects, policies, business plan, plan of operations,
organization structure, business processes, workflows, events
2. Data Architecture
- Defines the needed data, how it is to be stores, how it is to be processed, how it is to be
utilized, and how it integrates with other main architectural domains
- DATA MODEL determines how the database is structured, as well as the operations that can
be performed on its data
- SQL is a technology that is used to define, access and manipulate data in a relational
database
- Operational database stores relatively current transaction data in support of tactical
decisions
- Data warehouses store enormous volumes of current and historical data for use in research
- Data marts contains subsets of the data contained in the operational database and data
warehouse
- Data mining warehouse may contain copies of subsets of the data warehouse
- OLAP involves complex analysis performed on data warehouses
, 3. Applications Architecture
4. Technology Architecture
a) Hardware
b) Software
- Describes the structure and behaviour of the IT infrastructure and defines standards,
principals, procedures, and best practices to govern the IT architecture
- 8 Technical domains:
➢ Applications
➢ Database
➢ Enterprise systems management
➢ Information
➢ Integration
➢ Network and telecommunications
➢ Platform
➢ Security
EA Framework:
Defines how to create and use an enterprise architecture by providing principals and practices for
creating and using architects’ description of a system
- EA Farmwork helps to structure thinking by dividing the description into domains, layers,
views, and models
, Zachman Framework
- Two dimensional matrix
- Rows specify type of stakeholders
- Columns specify aspects of the architecture
The Open Group Architecture Framework
- Provides an architecture development method (ADM) which specifies how the EA will meet
business goals
, Federal Enterprise Architecture
The FEA consists of a set of interrelated “reference models”
They facilitate cross – agency analysis and identification of duplicative investments, gaps and
opportunities for collaboration
Enterprise Architecture Governance
Objective: Harmonize the architectural requirements of an enterprise into an understandable set of
policies, processes, procedures and standards
The scope:
- Corporate Strategy: What the company will be and how it will compete
- Product Strategy: What the company sells and how it sells it
- Functional Strategies: Define how to operate the company
- IT Tactical Plans and execution: Implementation processes and tracking mechanisms
3 components of an effective EA governance:
1. Architectural review process: Establishes periodic reviews of solutions at various points in
the delivery Lifecyle
2. Standards management process: Establishes change control over standards
3. Roadmap Management process: manages change against the enterprise roadmap
EAG Implementation process:
Review and EAG approval → develop “how-to” procedures → finalize communication
