ECG Questions and Answers Already Passed

ECG Questions and Answers Already Passed ECG is used to monitor the electricity of the heart Small squares of ECG paper are 1mm by 1mm Large squares of ECG paper are 5mm by 5mm ECG paper is sensitive, this is called Thermosensitive The Cardiac Cycle reprsents one complete heartbeat P-Wave Atrial Depolarization QRS Complex Ventricular Depolarization T-Wave Ventricular Depolarization U-Wave Occasionally follows a T-Wave (poss undefined) Baseline Flat horizontal line, seperates waves Segment between 2 waves Interval Length of a wave with a Segment P-R Segment End of Atrial Depolarization to Ventricular Depolarization S-T Segmant End of Ventricular Depolarization to the beginning of Ventricular Repolarization P-R Interval Beginning of Atrial Depolarization to Ventricular Depolarization Artifact Interfere with the normal apperance of an ECG Dysrhytmia Irregular heart rate Electrocardiogram the physical graphical representation of the electrical activity of the heart Electrocardiograph Instrument used to record the activity of the heart Electrode promotes connection between the body and the electrocardiograph Hypoxemia reduction of the oxygen supply to the tissue of the blood 2 types of leads BiPolar Leads and Augmented Leads Chest leads are v1 thru v6 v1 4th intercostal space at the right of the sternum v2 4th intercostal space at the left if the sternum v3 midway between positions 2 and 4 v4 5th intercostal space at the junction of the left midcavicular line v5 horizontal level of position 4 at the left anterior axillary line v6 horizontal level of position 4 at the left midaxillary line Oxygen and Glucose create energy Muscle Artifact Fuzzy Irregular baseline Reasons for a Muscle Artifact apprehensive patient, patient discomfort, patient movement, physical condition Wondering Baseline goes in an upward position Reasons for a Wondering Baseline Caused by loose electrodes, dried out electrolyte, body cream or lotions 60 cycle interference spiked lines that are consistant Reasons for a 60 cycle interference caused by electrical interference such as other electrical equipment, cells phones, inproper grounding Interupted Baseline caused by the tip of a lead wire becoming detached or a broken cable part Examples of Dysrythmias Atrial Fibrillation, Myocardial Infarction Damage to the heart muscle, lack of oxygen to the muscle Coronary Artery Disease Narrowing of the arteries around the heart Signs of Coronary Artery Disease Hypertension Cardiovascular Disease Disease related to the heart and blood vessels Symptoms of Cardiovascular Disease Hypertension (ex: Congestive Heart Failure) Ventricular Tachycardia Rhythm (regular) Rate (Fast 100-250 bpm) Sinus Tachycardia Rhythm ( regular) Rate (fast >100 bpm) Normal Sinus Rhythm Rhythm ( regular) Rate ( normal 60-100 bpm) Sinus Bradycardia Rhythm (regular) Rate (regular <60 bpm) Atrial Fibrillation Rhythm ( irregular) Rate (very fast > 350 bpm) Diuretics used for adema associated with heart failure and hypertension Drugs: Laxix ( Furosemide) or Bumex ( Bumetainide) Cardiac Glycoside used to treat heart failure left or right side and arrythmias Drugs: Digoxin (lanoxin) or Digitoxin (Digtex) Beta Blockers reduce the workload on the heart in hypertension, arrythmeias, and angina (chest pain) Drugs: Aenolol (Tenormin) or Metoprolol (lopressor)