Ancient History
Introducing Roman History – the “Foundation” of Rome
- Forum Romanum (Roman Forum) – central public square in central Rome, it
served as social, political, and commercial hub of the city, hosting various
activities, such as public speeches, elections, and business transactions. It was
adorned with temples, government buildings, and monuments, making it a symbol
of Roman power and civilization.
- Aeneas Fleeing Troy – Aeneas, after the fall of
Troy, embarked on a journey to escape the destruction. Guided by
the Gods, he faced numerous trials and adventures, eventually
settling in Italy. His story is chronicled in Virgil’s epic poem, the
Aeneid.
- Romulus, Remus and the She-Wolf – Romulus and Remus, the legendary
founders of Rome, were said to have been abandoned as infants and nurtured by a
she-wolf. This tale symbolizes the origins and resilience of the city of Rome.
Rome: 753BC
Romulus and Remus wanted to build a Tutelary deities – guardian Gods/Goddesses
city in the area where they were found. They who protect and watch over a particular
hoped it would be bigger and better than the person/place/group.
neighboring towns but their ambitions led to a
Augury – form of divination used in ancient
quarrel over a small matter, since they were
Rome, the following involved interpreting
twins they couldn’t decide who should be in
flight patterns and behaviors (signs and
charge, they consulted the Gods (tutelary
omens) of birds to predict future events or seek
deities) through bird signs (augury) to
guidance from the Gods
determine the city’s name and ruler. Romulus
chose the palatine hill, while Remus chose the
Aventine hill. - Livy Histories i. 6. 3-4
Remus saw 6 vultures as an omen, but Romulus saw double that number. Both claimed to be
the rightful king based on their interpretations. An argument escalated into violence and Remus was
killed. Some say Remus defiantly leaped over the new walls and was killed by Romulus in anger.
Romulus became the sole ruler and the city was named after him. He began fortifying the palatine hill
where he grew up. (the argument arose as each bother believed their own version of the augury was
the correct one, matter of significance and both had different perspectives and wanted to assert their
claim to the throne) - Livy Histories i. 7. 1-3
Model of iron age hut – simple circular structures made of wood,
thatch and wattle and daub - iron age was a period of time
characterized by the widespread use of iron tools and weapons, which
brought significant advancements in technology and society. During
the time, Rome was transitioning from Bronze age society to Iron age
society.
, Romulus, after acknowledging the importance Lictores – officials
of religion, called a council and recognized the appointed by Romulus to
need for common laws and customs to unite accompany him and
the people. To establish authority, he created a uphold his authority.
body of laws and assumed symbols of power. They were responsible
He surrounded himself with greater state and for maintaining order,
appointed 12 lictors. He also created a 100 carrying the fasces (bundles of rods
senators, knows as ‘Patres’, who were the symbolizing power), and enforcing the law.
heads of houses and their descendants became Their presence added a sense of awe and
known as ‘patricians’. - Livy, Histories i. 8. 1- respect to Romulus’ position as a leader.
2, 7
The roman state (res publica) has now become a match to neighbors, Romulus with a strong
Roman army, defeated neighboring people, teaching them that anger is useless without strength. He
killed their king & despoiled his body, captured their city, and displayed his achievements by bringing
the spoils to the Capitol. He hung them on a sacred oak tree, marking the site for the first temple
dedicated to Jupiter in Rome. - Livy, Histories i. 9. 1; 10. 4-5, 7
After defeating the neighboring Crustaminians, who has already been weakened by their
previous losses, Romulus faced little resistance. Colonies were established in both places, but due to
the fertile soil in the Crustumine district, most people chose to settle there and give their names to the
colony. - Livy, Histories i. 11. 3-4
Romulus reign was marked by significant events both at home and in the field. He displayed
courage in reclaiming his ancestral throne and showed wisdom in founding the City and strengthening
it through war and peace. These actions are not contradictory to the belief of his divine origin and
subsequent divine immorality. In fact, it was through his leadership that the City enjoyed 40 years of
peace after his departure. - Livy, Histories i. xv. 6-7
Under the rule of 2 successive kings, the Roman state flourished. Romulus contributed to its
strength through war during his 37-year reign, while Numa promoted peace and stability for 43 years.
The State benefited from both the lessons of war and the virtues cultivated in times of peace, resulting
in a strong disciplined society. - Livy, Histories i. 21. 6
Introducing Roman History – the “Foundation” of Rome
- Forum Romanum (Roman Forum) – central public square in central Rome, it
served as social, political, and commercial hub of the city, hosting various
activities, such as public speeches, elections, and business transactions. It was
adorned with temples, government buildings, and monuments, making it a symbol
of Roman power and civilization.
- Aeneas Fleeing Troy – Aeneas, after the fall of
Troy, embarked on a journey to escape the destruction. Guided by
the Gods, he faced numerous trials and adventures, eventually
settling in Italy. His story is chronicled in Virgil’s epic poem, the
Aeneid.
- Romulus, Remus and the She-Wolf – Romulus and Remus, the legendary
founders of Rome, were said to have been abandoned as infants and nurtured by a
she-wolf. This tale symbolizes the origins and resilience of the city of Rome.
Rome: 753BC
Romulus and Remus wanted to build a Tutelary deities – guardian Gods/Goddesses
city in the area where they were found. They who protect and watch over a particular
hoped it would be bigger and better than the person/place/group.
neighboring towns but their ambitions led to a
Augury – form of divination used in ancient
quarrel over a small matter, since they were
Rome, the following involved interpreting
twins they couldn’t decide who should be in
flight patterns and behaviors (signs and
charge, they consulted the Gods (tutelary
omens) of birds to predict future events or seek
deities) through bird signs (augury) to
guidance from the Gods
determine the city’s name and ruler. Romulus
chose the palatine hill, while Remus chose the
Aventine hill. - Livy Histories i. 6. 3-4
Remus saw 6 vultures as an omen, but Romulus saw double that number. Both claimed to be
the rightful king based on their interpretations. An argument escalated into violence and Remus was
killed. Some say Remus defiantly leaped over the new walls and was killed by Romulus in anger.
Romulus became the sole ruler and the city was named after him. He began fortifying the palatine hill
where he grew up. (the argument arose as each bother believed their own version of the augury was
the correct one, matter of significance and both had different perspectives and wanted to assert their
claim to the throne) - Livy Histories i. 7. 1-3
Model of iron age hut – simple circular structures made of wood,
thatch and wattle and daub - iron age was a period of time
characterized by the widespread use of iron tools and weapons, which
brought significant advancements in technology and society. During
the time, Rome was transitioning from Bronze age society to Iron age
society.
, Romulus, after acknowledging the importance Lictores – officials
of religion, called a council and recognized the appointed by Romulus to
need for common laws and customs to unite accompany him and
the people. To establish authority, he created a uphold his authority.
body of laws and assumed symbols of power. They were responsible
He surrounded himself with greater state and for maintaining order,
appointed 12 lictors. He also created a 100 carrying the fasces (bundles of rods
senators, knows as ‘Patres’, who were the symbolizing power), and enforcing the law.
heads of houses and their descendants became Their presence added a sense of awe and
known as ‘patricians’. - Livy, Histories i. 8. 1- respect to Romulus’ position as a leader.
2, 7
The roman state (res publica) has now become a match to neighbors, Romulus with a strong
Roman army, defeated neighboring people, teaching them that anger is useless without strength. He
killed their king & despoiled his body, captured their city, and displayed his achievements by bringing
the spoils to the Capitol. He hung them on a sacred oak tree, marking the site for the first temple
dedicated to Jupiter in Rome. - Livy, Histories i. 9. 1; 10. 4-5, 7
After defeating the neighboring Crustaminians, who has already been weakened by their
previous losses, Romulus faced little resistance. Colonies were established in both places, but due to
the fertile soil in the Crustumine district, most people chose to settle there and give their names to the
colony. - Livy, Histories i. 11. 3-4
Romulus reign was marked by significant events both at home and in the field. He displayed
courage in reclaiming his ancestral throne and showed wisdom in founding the City and strengthening
it through war and peace. These actions are not contradictory to the belief of his divine origin and
subsequent divine immorality. In fact, it was through his leadership that the City enjoyed 40 years of
peace after his departure. - Livy, Histories i. xv. 6-7
Under the rule of 2 successive kings, the Roman state flourished. Romulus contributed to its
strength through war during his 37-year reign, while Numa promoted peace and stability for 43 years.
The State benefited from both the lessons of war and the virtues cultivated in times of peace, resulting
in a strong disciplined society. - Livy, Histories i. 21. 6
