THE ULTIMATE ABO STUDY GUIDE LATEST EXAM(QUESTIONS AND ANMSWERS) VERRIFIED

THE ULTIMATE ABO STUDY GUIDE LATEST EXAM(QUESTIONS AND ANMSWERS) VERRIFIED The eye is made up of what 3 layers? - CORRECT ANSWER-Fibrous tunic, vascular tunic, nervous tunic What layer contains the photo (light) receptors, or rods and cones? - CORRECT ANSWER-nervous tunic or neural layer Rods - CORRECT ANSWER-photo receptors that help your eyes see in a dimly lit atmosphere Cones - CORRECT ANSWER-photo receptors used in bright light that help your eyes to distinguish color, they recognize the different wavelengths How many rods are spread out towards the outside of the retina? - CORRECT ANSWER-120 million There are about 6 million cones concentrated toward the center of the ___________? - CORRECT ANSWER-macula The highest concentration of cones is found at the __________? - CORRECT ANSWER-fovea Where is the fovea found? - CORRECT ANSWER-the center of the macula What is the point where the optic nerve enters the eye known as? - CORRECT ANSWER-the optic disc What is significant about the optic disk, also known as the "blind spot"? - CORRECT ANSWER-it does not contain receptor cells What are the 3 fluid-filled chambers in the eye called? - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Anterior chamber 2. Posterior chamber 3. Vitreous chamber Where is the fluid-filled anterior chamber found? - CORRECT ANSWER-between the cornea and the iris Where is the fluid-filled posterior chamber found? - CORRECT ANSWER-between the iris and the lens Where is the fluid-filled vitreous chamber found? - CORRECT ANSWER-between the retina and the lens What is vitreous humor? - CORRECT ANSWER-gel-like substance found in the vitreous chamber What is aqueous humor? - CORRECT ANSWER-fluid substance found in the anterior and posterior chambers What is the function of the vitreous humor? - CORRECT ANSWER-Maintains the shape of the eye What is the function of the aqueous humor? - CORRECT ANSWER-Maintains the intraocular pressure and provides nutrients to the lens and cornea What does the ciliary body produce? - CORRECT ANSWER-Aqueous humor What takes place in the Canal of Schlemm? - CORRECT ANSWER-the Aqueous humor is drained At what location does light enter the eye? - CORRECT ANSWER-The cornea What are the 5 layers of the cornea? (superficial to deep) - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Epithelium 2. Bowman's membrane 3. Stroma 4. Descemet's membrane 5. Endothelium What structure controls the amount of light allowed through the pupil? - CORRECT ANSWER-the iris Iris - CORRECT ANSWER-colored part of the eye Sclera - CORRECT ANSWER-white of the eye Which layer of the cornea acts as a protective barrier? - CORRECT ANSWERBowman's membrane What makes up 90% of the cornea's thickness? - CORRECT ANSWER-the stroma What separates the stroma and the endothelium? - CORRECT ANSWER-Descemet's membrane Which layer of the cornea removes water from the cornea, helping to keep it clear? - CORRECT ANSWER-the endothelium What are the 2 muscles of the iris? - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Dilator muscle 2. Sphincter muscle What is the function of the dilator muscle? - CORRECT ANSWER-it opens the iris, allowing more light in What is the function of the sphincter muscle? - CORRECT ANSWER-it closes the iris The iris has the ability to change the pupil size from __ millimeters to __ millimeters - CORRECT ANSWER-2 to 8 What structure is directly behind the pupil? - CORRECT ANSWER-the crystalline lens What is the purpose of the crystalline lens? - CORRECT ANSWER-to focus light on the retina Accommodation - CORRECT ANSWER-the process of focusing on objects based on their distance What structure helps the lens achieve accommodation? - CORRECT ANSWER-the ciliary body What attaches the ciliary body to the lens? - CORRECT ANSWER-the fibrous strands, or zonules What happens to the zonules when the ciliary body contracts? - CORRECT ANSWERthey relax What happens to the zonules when the ciliary body relaxes? - CORRECT ANSWERthey contract Terms: Palpebrae - CORRECT ANSWER-Eyelid Terms: Medial canthus - CORRECT ANSWER-the point where the upper and lower eyelids meet near the nose Terms: Lateral canthus - CORRECT ANSWER-the point where the upper and lower eyelids meet towards your ear Terms: Eyelashes - CORRECT ANSWER-Strong hairs that run along the upper and lower palpebral margins What is the function of the eyelashes? - CORRECT ANSWER-Filter debris from entering the eye Terms: Meibomian glands - CORRECT ANSWER-Located along the inner margin of the eyelids, the glands secrete a liquid that keeps the eyelids from sticking together. These secretions make up part of the tear film. Site of stye Terms: Fornix - CORRECT ANSWER-Located behind the eyelid and along the sclera; it is where two layers of the conjunctiva meet and join Terms: Lacrimal gland - CORRECT ANSWER-Inside the orbit of the eye; the gland that produces the bulk of the tears Terms: Lacrimal puncta - CORRECT ANSWER-Small openings or pores located at the medial canthus that allow the accumulated tears to drain of the eye Terms: Lacrimal canals - CORRECT ANSWER-The path that tears take from the eye to the lacrimal sac and then to the nasal passage Terms: Lacrimal caruncle - CORRECT ANSWER-located at the medial canthus; it produces a liquid that soothes and lubricates the eye Terms: Cornea - CORRECT ANSWER-the clear lens or structure that covers the iris; it is the first major structure that refracts light as it enters the eye; it has no blood supply and gets all of its oxygen directly from the air Terms: Pupil - CORRECT ANSWER-the opening created by the iris changing size Terms: Sclera - CORRECT ANSWER-the whites of your eyes; a thick, tough and fibrous layer that provides the structure of the entire eyeball Terms: Limbus - CORRECT ANSWER-where the cornea blends into the sclera Terms: Iris - CORRECT ANSWER-the colored area under the cornea that opens and close to regulate light entering the eye Terms: Palpebral Conjunctiva - CORRECT ANSWER-the layer that covers the eyelids Terms: Ocular or Bulbar Conjunctiva - CORRECT ANSWER-the layer that covers the exposed portions of the eyes What are the 6 muscles of the eye? - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Lateral rectus 2. Superior rectus 3. Medial rectus 4. Inferior rectus 5. Inferior oblique