Final Exam - Lifespan Development – 747 Questions – With Complete Solutions

lifespan development correct answer: a field of study that examines patterns of growth, change, & stability in behavior through out the lifespan developmental influences correct answer: history-graded, age-graded, sociocultural-graded, non-normative life events history-graded influence correct answer: usually associated w/ a historical movement, people born in the same place/time can influence you a certain way (ex. grandparents who grew up during polio epidemic) age-graded influence correct answer: influence a particular age group in the same way (ex. puberty, menopause) sociocultural-graded influence correct answer: more individualized, social/cultural factors influence you as a person (ex. socioeconomic status, ethnicity) non-normative life event influence correct answer: atypical events specific to an individual, events don't happen to most people, traumatic? (ex. divorce, abuse) continuous vs. discontinuous changes correct answer: -continuous change is gradual, achievements build up, developmental processes remain the same over lifespan -discontinuous change occurs in distinct steps/stages, behavior/processes are qualitatively different at different stages critical vs. sensitive periods correct answer: -critical period has certain environmental stimuli that are necessary for normal development (emphasized by early developmentalists) -sensitive period is when people are susceptible to certain environmental stimuli, consequences of absent stimuli are reversible nature vs. nurture correct answer: -nature has an emphasis on discovering inherited genetic traits/abilities (height, depression, intelligence) -nuture has an emphasis on environmental influences being biological, social, or large societal level correlational study correct answer: examines rekationships between 2 or more variables -no casuality can be assumed -problem of directionality correct answer: shows a correation between the variables but doesn't necessarily show a direction of how they correlate -third variables correct answer: outside variable that could influence one of the other variables which leads to a higher correlation coefficient -lack of causality argument correct answer: experimental study correct answer: involves random assigment of independent variable & high levels of experimental control -random assignment correct answer: completely randomizing which independent variable someone will do -high experimental control correct answer: can control what happens in the study -cons of experimental design correct answer: not "naturalistic", hard to control for everything, not always feasible/ethical field study correct answer: captures behavior in real-life settings, used in correlational studies/experiments pros of field study correct answer: easier to recruit participants cons of field study correct answer: hard to exert control over situation laboratory study correct answer: developmental experiements typically conducted in a lab -pros of laboratory study correct answer: holds events constant (makes casuality easier to establish) -cons of laboratory study correct answer: difficult & costly longitudinal study correct answer: measures individual ch