Sociology CLEP Latest 2023 Graded A+

Sociology CLEP Latest 2023 Graded A+ Absolute poverty A standard of poverty based on a minimum level of subsistence below which families should not be expected to exist. Achieved status A social position attained by a person largely through his or her own efforts. Activity theory An interactionist theory of aging that argues that elderly people who remain active will be best-adjusted. Adoption In a legal sense, a process that allows for the transfer of the legal rights, responsibilities, and privileges of parenthood to a new legal parent or parents. Affirmative action Positive efforts to recruit minority group members or women for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities. Ageism A term coined by Robert N. Butler to refer to prejudice and discrimination against the elderly. Agrarian society The most technologically advanced form of preindustrial society. Members are primarily engaged in the production of food but increase their crop yield through such innovations as the plow. Alienation The condition of being estranged or disassociated from the surrounding society. Amalgamation The process by which a majority group and a minority group combine through intermarriage to form a new group. Anomie Durkheim's term for the loss of direction felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective. Anomie theory of deviance A theory developed by Robert Merton that explains deviance as an adaptation either of socially prescribed goals or of the norms governing their attainment, or both. Anticipatory socialization Processes of socialization in which a person "rehearses" for future positions, occupations, and social relationships. Anti-Semitism Anti-Jewish prejudice. Apartheid The former policy of the South African government designed to maintain the separation of Blacks and other non-Whites from the dominant Whites. Argot Specialized language used by members of a group or subculture. Ascribed status A social position "assigned" to a person by society without regard for the person's unique talents or characteristics. Assimilation The process by which a person forsakes his or her own cultural tradition to become part of a different culture. Authority