Chapter 1: Introduction
TRUE/FALSE
1. Before the middle of the 1940s, computer operators hardwired their programs by setting switches
that adjusted the internal wiring of the computer.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 3
2. Machine language consists of entering a series of hexadecimal codes into the computer.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 3
3. Machine code was considered to be the first software.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 3
4. Assembly language consists of entering a series of binary codes into the computer.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 4-5
5. A linker program is used to load machine code into computer memory.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 5
6. An abstraction is a way of expressing ideas that make them concise, simple, and easy for the
human mind to grasp.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 6
, 7. Assembly language is standard across all types of computer hardware architectures.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 6
8. The FORTRAN language provided support for algebraic notation and floating-point numbers.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 6
9. The first assembly languages appeared in the 1970s.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 6
10. FORTRAN was the first programming language to be machine independent.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 7
11. The ALGOL programming language provides support for recursive procedures.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 7
12. The lambda calculus was based on the theory of recursive functions.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 8
13. The use of variable names is considered to be a basic data abstraction.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 9
,14. A structured control abstraction divides a program into groups of instructions.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 11
15. A procedure is a function that returns a value to its caller.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 13
16. A higher-order function returns a function as a value.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 13
17. The primary feature of an imperative language is a sequence of statements that represent
commands.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 15
18. The syntax of a programming language refers to its meaning.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 16
19. The syntax of a programming language is like the grammar of a natural language.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 16
20. The lexical structure of a programming language is similar to grammar in a natural language.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 17
21. A translator that executes a program directly is called a compiler.
, ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 18
22. A translator that produces an equivalent program in an executable form is called a compiler.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 18
23. A virtual machine is an interpreter.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 18
24. A programming language’s words are referred to as tokens.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 17
25. Specification languages would allow users to indicate their requirements and would then
implement those requirements.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 19
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following statements about programming languages is correct?
a. ALGOL was developed before FORTRAN.
b. C language was developed before ALGOL.
c. The Ada language is based on Prolog.
d. Pascal is based on ALGOL.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 3
TRUE/FALSE
1. Before the middle of the 1940s, computer operators hardwired their programs by setting switches
that adjusted the internal wiring of the computer.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 3
2. Machine language consists of entering a series of hexadecimal codes into the computer.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 3
3. Machine code was considered to be the first software.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 3
4. Assembly language consists of entering a series of binary codes into the computer.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 4-5
5. A linker program is used to load machine code into computer memory.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 5
6. An abstraction is a way of expressing ideas that make them concise, simple, and easy for the
human mind to grasp.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 6
, 7. Assembly language is standard across all types of computer hardware architectures.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 6
8. The FORTRAN language provided support for algebraic notation and floating-point numbers.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 6
9. The first assembly languages appeared in the 1970s.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 6
10. FORTRAN was the first programming language to be machine independent.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 7
11. The ALGOL programming language provides support for recursive procedures.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 7
12. The lambda calculus was based on the theory of recursive functions.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 8
13. The use of variable names is considered to be a basic data abstraction.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 9
,14. A structured control abstraction divides a program into groups of instructions.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 11
15. A procedure is a function that returns a value to its caller.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 13
16. A higher-order function returns a function as a value.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 13
17. The primary feature of an imperative language is a sequence of statements that represent
commands.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 15
18. The syntax of a programming language refers to its meaning.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 16
19. The syntax of a programming language is like the grammar of a natural language.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 16
20. The lexical structure of a programming language is similar to grammar in a natural language.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 17
21. A translator that executes a program directly is called a compiler.
, ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 18
22. A translator that produces an equivalent program in an executable form is called a compiler.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 18
23. A virtual machine is an interpreter.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 18
24. A programming language’s words are referred to as tokens.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 17
25. Specification languages would allow users to indicate their requirements and would then
implement those requirements.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 19
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following statements about programming languages is correct?
a. ALGOL was developed before FORTRAN.
b. C language was developed before ALGOL.
c. The Ada language is based on Prolog.
d. Pascal is based on ALGOL.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 3
