WGU C458 Health, Fitness and Wellness|
319 Questions with 100% Correct Answers |
Verified | Latest Update.
NutritionAnswerprovides the body with the nutrients it needs to perform its daily
tasks
UndernutritionAnswerimplies that the individual is not getting enough nutrients. This
can occur even if the person is consuming more than enough calories
MalnutritionAnsweran imbalance of proper nutrients
Anorexia nervosaAnswerliterally means loss of appetite, but this is a misnomer: A
person with this is hungry, but denies the hunger because of an irrational fear of
becoming fat. Self-starvation, food preoccupation and rituals, compulsive exercising,
and often an absence of menstrual cycles in women.
Untreated, can be fatal.
BulimiaAnswercharacterized by recurring periods of binge eating, during which large
amounts of food are consumed in a short period of time followed by purging (through
self-induced vomiting, abuse of laxatives and/or diuretics) or periods of fasting
Binge eating disorder (BED)Answerepisodes of binge eating characterized by eating
rapidly, eating large amounts of food even when not feeling hungry, and feeling guilty or
depressed after overeating.
ObesityAnswer15 to 20 percent above normal weight. Poor dietary patterns; include
increased intake of sugars in sweetened soft drinks, foods, and meals of high energy,
low nutrient density, and large portion sizes. At risk for serious health problems such as
type 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, stroke, and some types of cancer.
MineralsAnswerinorganic material. Form body parts (teeth and bones), maintain
acid-base neutrality, regulate nerve impulses, osmotic pressure, and electrolyte balance
Major mineralsAnswerneeded by the body:
• calcium—milk, cheese, sardines, salmon, green vegetables
• phosphorus—milk, cheese, lean meat
,• potassium—oranges, bananas, dried fruits
• sulfur—eggs, poultry, fish
• sodium—table salt, beef, eggs, cheese
• chloride—table salt, meat
• magnesium—green vegetables, whole grains
Trace mineralsAnswerrequired in lesser amounts, and include iron, zinc, selenium,
magnesium, copper, iodine, fluorine, chromium, molybdenum, and manganese
HDL cholesterol (high density lipoproteins)Answerprotect the body against heart
disease. Often called "good" cholesterol.
LDL cholesterol (low density lipoproteins)Answermost cholesterol in the blood is of
this type. Often referred to as the bad cholesterol. high levels in the blood increases the
risk of fatty deposits forming in the arteries, which in turn increases the risk of a heart
attack
LipoproteinsAnswerlarge molecules of fat and protein in the bloodstream; how
cholesterol is transported
AntioxidantsAnswerslow the aging process. Reduce cellular damage by binding with
free radicals produced during oxidation reactions
Oxidation reactionsAnswerthe energy-yielding reactions in which either an oxygen
atom adds an electron to or a hydrogen atom removes an electron from a substrate (a
group of atoms or molecule)—the net result is a substrate that has had a partial or
complete loss of a negatively charge particle, an electron. Two partially charged atoms
or groups of atoms, one positively charged and the other negatively charged, now exist
Free radical (Oxidant)Answerany atom or group of atoms that has an unpaired
electron. Because electrons typically function in pairs, these are very prone to binding to
other substrates in an effort to regain this paired status. When this happens in the
human body, there is potential for a great deal of damage.
CarbohydratesAnswerproduce 4 calories of energy per gram. Found in foods as
monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Sources include fruits,
vegetables, pasta, and rice which consist of simple sugars and starches
ProteinAnswerproduce 4 calories of energy per gram. Sources include meats and
milk. Composed of 8 essential(provided by the diet) and 12 nonessential(synthesized by
the body) amino acids. Perform many functions including building cells and tissues,
forming blood and enzymes, and fighting infection.
, means primary, and no organism can live, and almost no biological process can take
place, without it
LipidsAnswerproduce 9 calories of energy per gram. Organic compounds that do not
readily dissolve in water; based on their solubility, they are classified into triglycerides
(more commonly known as fats), phospholipids, and sterols
Incomplete proteinAnswerproteins that are lacking one or more of the essential
amino acids
GlycogenAnswerthe polysaccharide form in which glucose is stored in the liver
GlucoseAnswersimple sugar. The only source of energy that brain cells use to
function
Triglycerides (Fats)AnswerSolid at room temperature. Group of chemical
compounds that contain fatty acids, often in very long strands. Most concentrated
source of energy in the diet. Provides much of the stored energy of the body. Insulate
body organs against changes in environmental temperature. Protect the organs and
underlying tissues by acting as a shock absorber.
WaterAnsweressential component of body structure. Second only to oxygen in
importance to body functioning. Acts as a solvent for minerals and other physiologically
important compounds. In the body, it transports nutrients to and waste products from
the cells and helps regulate body temperature. Comes from fluids and solids in the diet
and also is produced by the metabolic processing of energy nutrients within the tissues
OilsAnswerliquid at room temperature.
VitaminsAnswerorganic compounds required by every part of the body to maintain
health and prevent disease. Classified as either fat-soluble or water-soluble. Do not
become part of the body. Only small amounts are needed, but must be provided by the
diet because the body is not able to synthesize them in the required quantities for
proper nourishment and body function. Foster growth, promote the ability to produce
healthy offspring, maintain health, aid in the normal function of the digestive tract and
appetite, and help maintain immune system functions.
Fat-soluble vitaminsAnswerfound in the fatty parts of food and body tissues. Stored
in the body until needed, so it is not necessary to consume them every day.
Transported by lipids through the body; A, D, E, and K
Vitamin AAnswerimportant in promoting growth and health of body tissues as well as
enhancing the function of the immune system. Enhances vision by helping the retina
319 Questions with 100% Correct Answers |
Verified | Latest Update.
NutritionAnswerprovides the body with the nutrients it needs to perform its daily
tasks
UndernutritionAnswerimplies that the individual is not getting enough nutrients. This
can occur even if the person is consuming more than enough calories
MalnutritionAnsweran imbalance of proper nutrients
Anorexia nervosaAnswerliterally means loss of appetite, but this is a misnomer: A
person with this is hungry, but denies the hunger because of an irrational fear of
becoming fat. Self-starvation, food preoccupation and rituals, compulsive exercising,
and often an absence of menstrual cycles in women.
Untreated, can be fatal.
BulimiaAnswercharacterized by recurring periods of binge eating, during which large
amounts of food are consumed in a short period of time followed by purging (through
self-induced vomiting, abuse of laxatives and/or diuretics) or periods of fasting
Binge eating disorder (BED)Answerepisodes of binge eating characterized by eating
rapidly, eating large amounts of food even when not feeling hungry, and feeling guilty or
depressed after overeating.
ObesityAnswer15 to 20 percent above normal weight. Poor dietary patterns; include
increased intake of sugars in sweetened soft drinks, foods, and meals of high energy,
low nutrient density, and large portion sizes. At risk for serious health problems such as
type 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, stroke, and some types of cancer.
MineralsAnswerinorganic material. Form body parts (teeth and bones), maintain
acid-base neutrality, regulate nerve impulses, osmotic pressure, and electrolyte balance
Major mineralsAnswerneeded by the body:
• calcium—milk, cheese, sardines, salmon, green vegetables
• phosphorus—milk, cheese, lean meat
,• potassium—oranges, bananas, dried fruits
• sulfur—eggs, poultry, fish
• sodium—table salt, beef, eggs, cheese
• chloride—table salt, meat
• magnesium—green vegetables, whole grains
Trace mineralsAnswerrequired in lesser amounts, and include iron, zinc, selenium,
magnesium, copper, iodine, fluorine, chromium, molybdenum, and manganese
HDL cholesterol (high density lipoproteins)Answerprotect the body against heart
disease. Often called "good" cholesterol.
LDL cholesterol (low density lipoproteins)Answermost cholesterol in the blood is of
this type. Often referred to as the bad cholesterol. high levels in the blood increases the
risk of fatty deposits forming in the arteries, which in turn increases the risk of a heart
attack
LipoproteinsAnswerlarge molecules of fat and protein in the bloodstream; how
cholesterol is transported
AntioxidantsAnswerslow the aging process. Reduce cellular damage by binding with
free radicals produced during oxidation reactions
Oxidation reactionsAnswerthe energy-yielding reactions in which either an oxygen
atom adds an electron to or a hydrogen atom removes an electron from a substrate (a
group of atoms or molecule)—the net result is a substrate that has had a partial or
complete loss of a negatively charge particle, an electron. Two partially charged atoms
or groups of atoms, one positively charged and the other negatively charged, now exist
Free radical (Oxidant)Answerany atom or group of atoms that has an unpaired
electron. Because electrons typically function in pairs, these are very prone to binding to
other substrates in an effort to regain this paired status. When this happens in the
human body, there is potential for a great deal of damage.
CarbohydratesAnswerproduce 4 calories of energy per gram. Found in foods as
monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Sources include fruits,
vegetables, pasta, and rice which consist of simple sugars and starches
ProteinAnswerproduce 4 calories of energy per gram. Sources include meats and
milk. Composed of 8 essential(provided by the diet) and 12 nonessential(synthesized by
the body) amino acids. Perform many functions including building cells and tissues,
forming blood and enzymes, and fighting infection.
, means primary, and no organism can live, and almost no biological process can take
place, without it
LipidsAnswerproduce 9 calories of energy per gram. Organic compounds that do not
readily dissolve in water; based on their solubility, they are classified into triglycerides
(more commonly known as fats), phospholipids, and sterols
Incomplete proteinAnswerproteins that are lacking one or more of the essential
amino acids
GlycogenAnswerthe polysaccharide form in which glucose is stored in the liver
GlucoseAnswersimple sugar. The only source of energy that brain cells use to
function
Triglycerides (Fats)AnswerSolid at room temperature. Group of chemical
compounds that contain fatty acids, often in very long strands. Most concentrated
source of energy in the diet. Provides much of the stored energy of the body. Insulate
body organs against changes in environmental temperature. Protect the organs and
underlying tissues by acting as a shock absorber.
WaterAnsweressential component of body structure. Second only to oxygen in
importance to body functioning. Acts as a solvent for minerals and other physiologically
important compounds. In the body, it transports nutrients to and waste products from
the cells and helps regulate body temperature. Comes from fluids and solids in the diet
and also is produced by the metabolic processing of energy nutrients within the tissues
OilsAnswerliquid at room temperature.
VitaminsAnswerorganic compounds required by every part of the body to maintain
health and prevent disease. Classified as either fat-soluble or water-soluble. Do not
become part of the body. Only small amounts are needed, but must be provided by the
diet because the body is not able to synthesize them in the required quantities for
proper nourishment and body function. Foster growth, promote the ability to produce
healthy offspring, maintain health, aid in the normal function of the digestive tract and
appetite, and help maintain immune system functions.
Fat-soluble vitaminsAnswerfound in the fatty parts of food and body tissues. Stored
in the body until needed, so it is not necessary to consume them every day.
Transported by lipids through the body; A, D, E, and K
Vitamin AAnswerimportant in promoting growth and health of body tissues as well as
enhancing the function of the immune system. Enhances vision by helping the retina
