ICT Assignment 3 solution

ICT Assignment 3 solution Questions: Question 1 NB: When drawing data flow diagrams (DFDs), use the Gane and Sarson symbols/notation set. 1.1 Draw, name and describe the four symbols used in a data flow diagram (DFD). You may use a table to present your answer. (6) 1.2 Briefly describe the following with respect to DFDs: 1.2.1 Levelling(2) 1.2.2 Balancing(2) 1.2.3 Data dictionary(2)1.3 Draw a diagram of an example of each of the following showing the process, and the input(s) and output (s), where applicable. You should name each process, input or output used. Do not use the examples from the prescribed test book; rather use them as guidelines. 1.3.1 Spontaneous generation(3) 1.3.2 Black hole(3) 1.3.3 Gray hole(3) NB: Questions 1.4 to 1.7 below are self-assessment exercises. Attempt the questions but DO NOT submit answers for marking. Solutions to these questions will appear in Tutorial Letter 202. 1.4 What are the six guidelines for drawing DFDs?(--) 1.5 Define Structured English and list its guidelines.(--) 1.6 Draw the context diagram of the Order System provided in Figure 5-11 on page 155 of your prescribed book. Using this diagram, explain what the system does. In your explanation, include what the Order System sends or receives from each of the external entities. (--) 1.7 Use the two diagrams in Figure 5-12 on page 156 of the prescribed book to explain the difference and similarities between a context diagram and diagram 0. Here we are interested in the general differences or similarities between the a context diagram and diagram 0; you can use Figure 5-12 as the point of reference, if you need to provide an example. Chapter 8 – User Interface design Question 2 [13] 2.1 As a systems analyst, when designing systems, one of your goals should be to build systems that are effective, reliable and maintainable. Briefly explain each of these three factors. (6) 2.2 What is Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)?(2) 2.3 What are the seven habits of successful interface designers?(4) 2.4 Use the internet to find the ISO 9241-11 standard definition of usability with respect to computer interfaces. (1) 2 NB: Questions 2.5 below is a self-assessment exercise. Attempt the question but DO NOT submit answers for marking. The solution to this question will appear together with the solution for this assignment. (--)ICT2621/101/3/2023 (NB: Please study these in detail.) 2.5 The most used forms of output technology for business systems is still in form of screen displays and printed matter. List other current other output types and technologies currently available. (--) (NB: Please study these in detail.) Chapter 9 – Data design Question 3 [15] Scenario: The African Union (AU), at its headquarters in Addis Ababa in Ethiopia, wants to design a database system for the people that reside on its continent. As you are aware, Africa is made up of many countries, and, in general, each country has many languages that are spoken by the people who live in it. Many of the languages are spoken across borders. It is also a known fact that many people in Africa are multilingual. For the purpose of this question, it will be assumed that each person resides in one country (i.e. country of main residence) though in reality, people may be residents or citizens of more than one country. 3.1 Draw an entity relationship diagram (ERD) for this scenario. The ERD should not contain any many-to-many relationships. Do not include entities that are not in the scope (scenario) provided above. No attributes/fields are required in this section. (10) 3.2 Create a relational database schema from the ERD in 3.1 showing all tables in 3NF. Each table should include at least three fields. Appropriate primary keys should be used. Primary keys must be underlined and each foreign key should have the letters FK in brackets after it, for instance xyz (FK). There is no need to show all the steps involved in this process since only the final relational schema will be marked. (5) NB: A schema is simply a list of each table name and its fields/attributes in a database as in the example below. Product (Product-Code, Product-name, …) Customer (Customer-ID, Customer-name,…) etc … Chapter 11 – Managing Systems ImplementationQuestion 4 [10] Draw Figure 11-11 found on page 360 of your prescribed book then explain how the main and sub-modules of this structured chart work together, i.e. what each module/sub-module does and how data is interchanged. Note that you are NOT asked to explain this modules in terms of a control couple as used in the text book. What is needed is general explanation of how structured charts modules and sub-modules work together and how data is exchanged, using this diagram. (10) Question 5 [10] For sections 5.1 and 5.2, briefly describe each with respect to managing systems implementation. 5.1 System testing(2) 5.2 Operational documentation(2) Explain in, some details, each of the following. You may use the internet for more detailed information. Then, show how each can be used to train users of a software package purchased from a vendor. 5.3 Webinar(3) 5.4 Tutorial(3) Chapter 12 – Systems Support and Security Question 6 [6] Briefly describe each of the following with respect to managing system support and security. 6.1 Perfective maintenance(2) 6.2 Configuration management(2) 6.3 Incremental backup(2) Research Question 7 [10] From the prescribed textbook: “System analysts neeed to track trends in information technology because technological changes effect business operations, careers opportunities and enterprise stragetegies” (Tilley, 2020, p.33). In view of the above quote, briefly describe the following 4ICT2621/101/3/2023 7.1 The fourth industrial revolution (4IR) and its main components(5) 7.2 Data science(3) 7.3 Open education resources (OER)(2) NB: During the semester, an email will be sent to you on how to access an example of an OER that is relevant for Database systems. You can use this to get an understanding of how OERs work. Note: Guidelines for answering Question 7 1. You should answer the question on a new page. 2. 7.1 to 7.3 should together NOT exceed one page. You will be penalised for every additional line beyond one page. This means that the whole of Question 7 should start on tops of a page and end on that same page. 3. Use a spacing of 1.5 and font size of 12. Any commonly used font type is acceptable. 4. You should define each concept and add extra info about it, depending on the marks awarded to the subsection. 5. You should not ‘copy and paste’ but rather use your own words. 6. Do not use websites as literature sources but rather published Journals or Conference papers. 7. You should cite the sources in the text. 8. You should write a Reference list at the end of your assignment, preferably in Harvard style but any other will be accepted as long as it is consistently used. See the one I have done at the end of the tutorial letter because of the quote I made at the beginning of this question. 9. Note 8 above is NOT included in the one-page limit provided in Note 2. This means that the reference list may be on a different page. 10. The minimum number of sources for each sub-questions 7.1, 7.2 and 7.3 are four, two and two, respectively. However, the definition of 4IR should use at least two sources. This definition should be in one sentence. You may or may not use this for the other concepts in 7.2 and 7.3. 11. Do not use direct quotes, as I have done above, to answer any of the questions. Direct quotes can be used in academic writing but this is to avoid ‘copy and paste’ 12. If Note 7 and 8 are not done, one mark will be subtracted from the total mark of Question 7. 13. Do not ask the lecturer how Notes 7 and 8 are done but rather find out. This is part of the question.14. If there is something that is not clear, an email/announcement will be sent to all students to clarify it. 15. Question 7 contributes to this assignment but it will NOT be examined on. NB: During the semester, an email will be sent to you on how to access an example of an OER. You can use this to get an understanding of how OERs work. Reference Tilley, S. (2020). Systems Analysis and Design. 12th ed. Cengage learning. Other developments in SDLC (examinable) Question 8 [15] Summarise, in one page, the content of the article: Alshamrani, A. and Bahattab, A. (2015). A comparison between three SDLC models waterfall model, spiral model, and Incremental/Iterative model. International Journal of Computer Science Issues (IJCSI), 12(1), p. 106-111. Please do not just ‘copy and paste’ but rather use your own words. Do not use tables or list. Use paragraphs only. Do not include headers/sections. The last paragraph should compare what is in the article and the content of Figure 1.19 on page 20 of the prescribed book. The name of the figure is ‘Development phases and deliverables are shown in the waterfall model. The circular symbols indicate interaction among phases.’ You can find the article on the internet, for example, by searching its title on Google Scholar. Alternatively, you can use the URL Additional guidelines for answering Question 8 1. You should answer the question on a new page. 2. You will be penalised for every additional line beyond one page. This means that the whole of Question 8 should start on top of a page and end on that same page. 3. Use a spacing of 1.5 and font size of 12. Any commonly used font type is acceptable. 4. You should not ‘copy and paste’ but rather use your own words. 6ICT2621/101/3/2023 5. You should not cite any source. This is about summarising this one source. 6. No reference is required since it is already given. 7. Do not use any direct quotes. 8. Points must be clearly expressed. 9. If there is something that is not clear, an email/announcement will be sent to all students to clarify it. 10. You will be marked on clarity, conciseness, correctness, format,