Psychopathy Questions and Answers| Already Passed

Myths - Psychopathy is synonymous with violence Psychopathy is psychosis Psychopathy is synonymous with ASPD Psychopathy is born and not made Psychopathy is inalterable DSM-5 Antisocial Personality Disorder - "A pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood" "This pattern has also been referred to as psychopathy, sociopathy or dissocial personality disorder" Psychopathy vs Antisocial Personality Disorder - APD criteria mostly based on criminal behaviour APD largely ignores motivations for criminal behaviour APD does not emphasize interpersonal and affective traits Psychopathy is more specific 3-5% vs 1% Hervey Cleckley - The father of modern conceptualisations of psychopathy The mask of sanity (1941) Reversed trend towards labelling many different conditions "psychopathy" Thought key characteristic was tendency to say one thing and do another ("semantic dementia") Cleckley's p Positive adjustment - 1. Superficial charm and good intelligence 2. An absence of delusions and other signs of irrational thinking 3. A lack of anxiety and other distress related disorders 4. Suicide threats rarely carried out Cleckley's p Emotional-interpersonal deficits - Lack of remorse and shame General poverty of major affective reactions Pathologic egocentricity and incapacity for love Lack of insight Unresponsiveness in general interpersonal relations Cleckley's P Behavioural deviance - Unreliability Untruthfulness and insincerity Poorly motivated antisocial behaviour Poor judgement and failure to learn from experience Fantastic and uninviting behaviour with drink and sometimes without An impersonal, trivial and poorly integrated sex life A failure to follow life plans Hare's Psychopathy - Drew on Cleckley's ideas Cleckley's clinical profile too vague for reliable diagnosis Argues that some of Cleckley's features contradict each other The Psychopathy Checklist (PCL) - Psychometric Measurement Hare developed PCL in 1980 (22 items) Based on Cleckley's original descriptions revised 1985 (20 items) = PCL-R Scored by trained psychologist File ratings, interview with client Each item scored 0, 1 or 2 If total 30+/40 = "psychopath" PCL-R FACTOR 1: Interpersonal /affective items (personality) - 1 Superficial charm 2 Grandiose sense of self-worth 4 Pathological lying 5 Manipulative 6 Lack of remorse or guilt 7 No emotional depth 8 Callous 16 Failure to accept responsibility for own actions PCL-R FACTOR 2: Lifestyle, Antisocial items (behavioural) - 3 Need for stimulation/easily bored 9 Parasitic lifestyle 10 Poor behavioural controls 12 Early behaviour problems 13 Lack of realistic long-term goals 14 Impulsivity 15 Irresponsibility 18 Juvenile delinquency 19 Probation, parole or other conditional release violation 20 Criminal versatility Non Factorial - 11 Promiscuous sexual behaviour 17 Many short-term marital relationships Correlates PCL-R of F1 and F2 - PCL-R F1 is positively associated with narcissism, low empathy, social dominance, and negatively associated with negative emotionality (e.g. depression) PCL-R F2 is associated with impulsivity, drug problems, early criminal behaviour and aggression.