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Organische chemie: visuele samenvatting - reacties op aromaten

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Organische chemie: visuele samenvatting - reacties op aromaten kort alle soorten reacties weergeven, de belangrijkste stappen en waar op te letten!

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Uploaded on
July 10, 2023
Number of pages
3
Written in
2022/2023
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Hoofdstuk 3: Reacties van aromaten
3.1 Elektrofiele aromatische substitutie (EAS)
Elektrofiele aromatische substitutie op benzeen:
Door π- elektronen boven en onder het vlak van benzeenring is benzeen zelf een
nucleofiel. Het kan reageren met een elektrofiel en zo een carbokation vormen. De
tweede stap is het onttrekken van een proton zodat de aromaticiteit hersteld wordt.
PIJLEN:

Deel 1: vorming elektrofiel Uitz. Nitrering en sulfonering
Deel 2: aanval elektrofiel
Deel 3: herstellen aromaticiteit Uitz. Sulfonering


1. Nitrering
soort reactie Nitrering van benzeen met salpeterzuur (HNO3)
katalysator? H2SO4
opmerkingen 1. Protonering van HNO3 + verlies H20  vorming NO2 +
2. Intermediar gedeprotoneerd door base/ H20  herstelling
aromaticiteit


2. Sulfonering
soort reactie Sulfonering van benzeen met H2SO4
katalysator? /
opmerkingen 1. Vorming HO3S+
2. Intermediar gedeprotoneerd door base  herstelling
aromaticiteit
opmerkingen Laaste stap is omkeerbaar  uitzondering


3. Halogenering
soort reactie Bromering / chlorering
katalysator? Fe(III) Br3 of Fe(III)Cl3
opmerkingen 1. Vorming Br-Br-FeBr3  door deze verzwakte bind tussen
halogeenatomen kan één optreden als elektrofiel
2. Intermediar gedeprotoneerd door base  herstelling
aromaticiteit
3. herstelling katalysator met HB+
R137,76
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