TEST 3 - Advanced Pathophysiology UTA 5315 questions with correct answers

Mitral Valve Stenosis - Answer - Characterized by NARROWING of mitral valve - Normal is 4-6 cm -Narrowed is less than 2.5 cm - Caused by RHEUMATIC FEVER -More common in WOMEN -Oxygenated blood comes back into heart into the left atrium and down through the mitral valve to the left ventricle - Complex: Stenosis leads to volume/pressure in left atrium, which results in atrial hypertrophy/dilation, which increases pressure/volume in the pulmonary circulation & causes PULMONARY EDEMA - Simplified: Skinny mitral valve doesn't let blood pass through easily, so blood backs up into the left atrium and causes it to swell, then backs up into the lung and causes resp. symptoms -S/sx: dyspnea, hemoptysis, a-fib, dysphagia, pulmonary hypertension Mitral Valve Regurgitation - Answer -Characterized by INCOMPLETE CLOSURE of mitral valve -Caused by MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE (flaps don't close together properly, leaving valve ajar); more common in WOMEN; STICKING CHEST PAIN -Blood in left ventricle backs up to left ventricle during systole (mitral valve should be closed during systole/contraction of heart) -Leads to atrial dilation/hypertrophy, increased pulmonary vascular pressure/volume, PULMONARY EDEMA -S/sx: Dyspnea, rales, pansystolic murmur, S3 & S4 heart sounds Aortic Valve Stenosis - Answer -Most common valvula