Summary Chemistry: The Central Science - Chemistry 124 (chem124)

Chemistry 124 notes: Entire syllabus




Made by Kayla
Nadauld

,INTROTO CHEM Mixture separation
MATER Filteration:separation of solid filtered out of a liquid

Distillation:separates a
liquid from a liquid by using different

solid (definite, he liquid (weak, casino fixed boiling points

Shape volume) attraction) shape or volume chromatography:Mixture dissolved in the solvent -


components

solid, liquid,
gas
separate by how strongly they adhere to a surface



separate
disolves completely
Accuracy
-
water
precision us
eg. Sugar
eg. oil 8 water
fixed
↳ How close measuremely agree us How close the measurements
composition

are to the "true"value.

2 or mor
substances

eg. Air
Note:
eg. Al, Au eg. [12H2z0il
3
nl cm density: Mass Gode
=




Heterogenus:variation in composition throughout sample S
=
dr

Homogenus:constant composition throughout sample
Mixture:combination of two or more substances, can be separated
NAMING INORGANIC COMPOUDS
Element:one type of atom, cannot be decomposed into simpler uponnon-metal m e




substances Positive Cations from non-metals
get the suffix -ium


Compount:Composed of two or more
types of atoms Negative Arions (monotomicget the suffix -ide while the


anions containing 02 end rate or -it (for one fewer
oxygen

Properties of matter: atom in the molecule)


Physical:measured withoutchanging (states) substances Name Cation the Anion


composition eg. Colour, density, solidity -
Acids

chemical:how a substance will change or reach eg. flammability Anion ending in vide a
hydro is acid


Anion -ale/-itec acid
Intensive:properties don'tdepend on the amount of substance ending in
jc-ous
eg. density, boiling point or colour Molecular compounds
w
a ree



Extensive:depend on
quantity of
sample eg. mass, volume or Elements further left on the table is named first


energy.
IfElements are in the same
group the higher atomic mass is


named first

Physical quantilies The 2nd Element gets the suffix -
ide

Mass:amount of material in an object (kg). Prefixused to denote number of atoms of each element in the


Temp:determines direction of heat flow compound (mono is not used on the Is Element)

, NOMENCLATURE
2

Identify follow the 3
the type
It
template check by reverting
Group 12 metal:Cation + Anion-IDE 2t 3
+ -3 - 2 - 1 between the name and
roma
numerals

Transition metal:Cation (II) Anion-IDE fornula
charge

Both non metals:Cation prefix Anione -
IDE



prefixes:I mono z di 3 tri


4 Letra Sparta 6 hexa


me
containing oxygen
eg. Nale (group metal) Rule: Example

·
Sodium Chloride most per+'rool' are CO2 perchlorate
more rool' tate 205 chlorate
if0 has a
charge
eg.
CuO (transition metal) ob-2 and there is less roor'+ ite CO2 chlorite
one to then it has
'root' tite co hypoclorite
·Copper (II) Oxide a
charge of +2 to least
hypo+
balance it



(2 non-metals)
eg. CO
AsH
:Carbon monoxide Anion ending in vide a
hydro is acid


Anion -ale/-itec acid
-
3
ending in
jc-ous
7


U3
eg. 25

:chromium (II) Chloride eg. HBP (coms Grove Bromide)

:HydroBromic acid

NFS
eg.

·Nitrogen bifturide eg. HNO2 (Comes from Nitrite)

..
Nitrous acid


eg MgC
·Magnesium chloride eg. HNO, Czomes from Nirrahel

... Nitric acid


eg
kBr

pottasium Bromide
.




ey Cu20

:Copper (I) oxide