excess
Pulmonary
fluid in pleural space,
Effusion
Symptoms/Signs:
between visceral and parietal pleura.
Dysqnoea/SOB
-
o
Types:
-
Pleuritic CP
·
Classified on protein concentration of fluid.
-
Reduced Chest expansion
·
Diagnosed through analysis of aspirated pleural fluid. - Stony dull percussion
Reduced Breath Sounds
-
Transudates:protein concentration - 25
g/L.
·
causes:increased venous
pressure (e.g. HF, Constrictive Pericarditis),
or
hypoalbuminaemia (e.g. Cirrhosis, Nephrotic Syndrome).
Exudates:protein concentration 25
g/L.
·
causes:increased permeability capillaries due to
ofpleural infection
le.g. pneumonia, TB, malignancy, Rheumatoid Ar.).
Investigations:
·
·
CXR:
-
Blunted costophrenic angles.
-
opacity from bottom-up.
can be unilateral, unlike oedema.
-
-
mediastinum may be shifted.
·
Fluid aspiration:
-
appearance
-
protein concentration
Culture/Cytology
-
·
Ultrasound
FLUID ASPIRATION ANALYSIS
Management:
·
·
drain in axilla
Chest triangle for symptoms.
Treat
underlying
·
cause.
Pulmonary
fluid in pleural space,
Effusion
Symptoms/Signs:
between visceral and parietal pleura.
Dysqnoea/SOB
-
o
Types:
-
Pleuritic CP
·
Classified on protein concentration of fluid.
-
Reduced Chest expansion
·
Diagnosed through analysis of aspirated pleural fluid. - Stony dull percussion
Reduced Breath Sounds
-
Transudates:protein concentration - 25
g/L.
·
causes:increased venous
pressure (e.g. HF, Constrictive Pericarditis),
or
hypoalbuminaemia (e.g. Cirrhosis, Nephrotic Syndrome).
Exudates:protein concentration 25
g/L.
·
causes:increased permeability capillaries due to
ofpleural infection
le.g. pneumonia, TB, malignancy, Rheumatoid Ar.).
Investigations:
·
·
CXR:
-
Blunted costophrenic angles.
-
opacity from bottom-up.
can be unilateral, unlike oedema.
-
-
mediastinum may be shifted.
·
Fluid aspiration:
-
appearance
-
protein concentration
Culture/Cytology
-
·
Ultrasound
FLUID ASPIRATION ANALYSIS
Management:
·
·
drain in axilla
Chest triangle for symptoms.
Treat
underlying
·
cause.
