DISCLAIMER
The MNB3701 Report 1; 2 & 3 is a product of internal and external research that
includes the study guide, prescribed textbook and other authentic sources.
NB: Students must not copy and paste. For clarity, students are free to call on
the provided number and/ email.
i
,DECLARATION
Note that the portfolio or any part thereof will not be marked if this declaration has not
been completed.
Declaration of own work
I hereby declare that the material which I now submit for this assessment is entirely
my own work and has not been taken from the work of others. Work that was
constructed from other sources has been duly referenced.
__________________________________
Student number:
______________________________________
Signature:
______________________________________
(electronic/digital handwritten signature/initial[s] and surname)
ii
, Table of Contents
Executive summary ........................................................................................................................... 1
Background of Apple Inc. ................................................................................................................ 1
Institution-based view ........................................................................................................................... 2
Formal institutional framework............................................................................................................. 2
Informal institutional frameworks ........................................................................................................ 5
Resource based view ........................................................................................................................ 7
Appraisal of Resources owned by Apple Inc. ........................................................................ 8
VRIO evaluation of resources ................................................................................................... 10
Strategic implication ....................................................................................................................... 10
Challenges trading internationally .............................................................................................. 11
Implication to management ........................................................................................................... 12
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) evaluation .............................................................................. 12
Exchange rates ...................................................................................................................................... 13
Fluctuations in exchange rates and currency risk exposures ............................................................. 14
Strategies to manage exchange rate fluctuations ................................................................................. 14
Global, regional and bilateral economic integration ............................................................................. 15
Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 16
References ......................................................................................................................................... 17
Revisions to assignment 2 ............................................................................................................ 18
iii
The MNB3701 Report 1; 2 & 3 is a product of internal and external research that
includes the study guide, prescribed textbook and other authentic sources.
NB: Students must not copy and paste. For clarity, students are free to call on
the provided number and/ email.
i
,DECLARATION
Note that the portfolio or any part thereof will not be marked if this declaration has not
been completed.
Declaration of own work
I hereby declare that the material which I now submit for this assessment is entirely
my own work and has not been taken from the work of others. Work that was
constructed from other sources has been duly referenced.
__________________________________
Student number:
______________________________________
Signature:
______________________________________
(electronic/digital handwritten signature/initial[s] and surname)
ii
, Table of Contents
Executive summary ........................................................................................................................... 1
Background of Apple Inc. ................................................................................................................ 1
Institution-based view ........................................................................................................................... 2
Formal institutional framework............................................................................................................. 2
Informal institutional frameworks ........................................................................................................ 5
Resource based view ........................................................................................................................ 7
Appraisal of Resources owned by Apple Inc. ........................................................................ 8
VRIO evaluation of resources ................................................................................................... 10
Strategic implication ....................................................................................................................... 10
Challenges trading internationally .............................................................................................. 11
Implication to management ........................................................................................................... 12
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) evaluation .............................................................................. 12
Exchange rates ...................................................................................................................................... 13
Fluctuations in exchange rates and currency risk exposures ............................................................. 14
Strategies to manage exchange rate fluctuations ................................................................................. 14
Global, regional and bilateral economic integration ............................................................................. 15
Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 16
References ......................................................................................................................................... 17
Revisions to assignment 2 ............................................................................................................ 18
iii
