US History I Milestone 2.

US History I Milestone 2. You passed this Milestone 22 questions were answered correctly. 3 questions were answered incorrectly. 1 What was the most important effect of the Great Awakening on colonial society? RATIONALE One of the most significant features of the Great Awakening, a period of religious revivalism that culminated in colonial America by the 1730s and 1740s, was the notion that individuals could become the instruments of their own salvation. This message was delivered through fiery evangelical speeches, such as “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God," that inspired a fear of hell and damnation in audiences and awakened them to attend to their own personal salvation. CONCEPT Growth of the Colonies 2 That to secure these Rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just Powers from the Consent of the Governed, that whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these Ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or abolish it. The quotation above is from the Declaration of Independence. Who was the primary author of the Declaration, and what principles are reflected in this statement? RATIONALE Thomas Jefferson was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence, which was written in 1776. In addition to listing colonial grievances against the King of England, the Declaration asserted Enlightenment principles of natural equality and the social contract. CONCEPT Choosing Sides in the American Revolution 3 Which statement does NOT reflect Enlightenment thought? RATIONALE The Enlightenment, an intellectual and cultural movement during the 17th and 18th centuries, emphasized reason and science over superstition, tradition, and religion. Enlightenment thinkers believed that reason and science could be used to better understand nature, and to improve society. CONCEPT The Enlightenment and the Colonies 4 What was one way in which Native Americans challenged English colonial domination in North America? RATIONALE England faced several challenges to its imperial dominance in North America during the 17th and 18th centuries. Native Americans negotiated alliances with France and Britain to protect their economic and cultural interests. Key Indian alliances had the potential to tip the balance of power in North America in favor of one European nation over another. CONCEPT The Challenges to the English Empire 5 After the French and Indian War, the British enacted a series of measures that affected the colonies. What was the Sugar Act of 1764 meant to accomplish? RATIONALE To address a debt of £135 million following the French and Indian War, the British attempted to raise revenue through the Sugar Act of 1764. The Act did not increase import taxes; rather, it reduced import taxes on molasses to curtail smuggling, and stabilize customs collection. CONCEPT The Aftermath of the French and Indian War 6 The committees of correspondence met in Boston between 1764 and 1765 to encourage colonial (A) opposition to the Stamp, Currency, and Sugar Acts. A opposition to compliance with support of passage of RATIONALE The committees of correspondence coordinated colonial resistance against parliamentary measures in the decade leading up the American Revolution. They formed in 1764–1765, in response to the Currency, Sugar, and Stamp Acts. CONCEPT Boston Tea Party 7 Olaudah Equiano’s experiences as a slave were remarkable in that he was able to free himself after many years. Think about what you have read about his life. According to Equiano’s life story, all of the following describe the Atlantic slave trade EXCEPT . RATIONALE Equiano's autobiography provides a description of all of the stages of the Atlantic slave trade in the 1700s. He describes the diversity of the trade, which enriched African traders, European merchants, and American plantation owners alike. He describes the psychological and physical turmoil of the Middle Passage and the American slave market. He also describes the practices of slave hunters, who appeared to target children who could be more easily captured than adults. CONCEPT American Slavery from an African Perspective 8 The alliance with France was a important part of the United States' victory in the War for Independence. Which statement about this alliance is true? RATIONALE France played a significant role in the American Revolution, providing the U.S. with gunpowder, money, soldiers, and naval forces. The French navy fought Great Britain in the Caribbean and elsewhere, forcing Britain to move its forces southward and to abandon its strategy of isolating the northern colonies from the south. CONCEPT The American War for Independence, 9 Choose the false statement about the purpose of the First Continental Congress. RATIONALE The First Continental Congress was the colonial legislature composed of elected representatives from 12 colonies that met in 1774 to discuss the colonial response to the Coercive Acts. The Congress: (a) demanded repeal of the acts, (b) organized a British boycott, and (c) created a Continental Association to help oversee the boycott. It did not advocate separation from Great Britain. CONCEPT Path to Revolution 10 Select the answer that correctly sequences the acts or events leading up to the American Revolution. RATIONALE At the Stamp Act Congress in 1765, representatives of nine colonies declared that Parliament could not impose taxes without representation. The Declaratory Act of 1766 asserted Parliament's authority to do so. Parliament passed the Coercive Acts in 1774 to punish Massachusetts, following the Boston Tea Party. CONCEPT The Aftermath of the French and Indian War The Stamp Act The Townshend Acts and Protest Boston Tea Party 11 I then willingly enlisted in the service of my King and Country in the then intended expedition against Canada, in Capt. Andrew Giddings Company in a provincial Regiment Commanded by Coll Jonathan Bagley Esqr in the year 1759. An analysis of this excerpt from the diary of a colonial militiaman during the French and Indian War reveals the soldier feels loyalty to (A) the British crown . A his fellow soldiers Canadians the British crown the French RATIONALE Colonial militias fought side by side with British troops in defense of the English empire during the French and Indian War. Fighting in the war enabled colonists to express their British identity. In this excerpt, a colonial militiaman describes "willingly" enlisting in the service of "my King and Country." This statement reveals the author's loyalty to the British monarchy. CONCEPT The French and Indian War 12 Read the quotation about a vision for American society after the American Revolution. “An equality of property, with a necessity of alienation, constantly operating to destroy combinations of powerful families, is the very soul of a republic--While this continues, the people will inevitably possess both power and freedom; when this is lost, power departs, liberty expires, and a commonwealth will inevitably assume some other form." According to this speaker, (A) property ownership is at the root of a republican society. A religious freedom property ownership racial equality natural liberty RATIONALE Noah Webster, a writer and editor, was representative of the Founding Fathers. They associated individual liberty during the Revolutionary era with landholding and other forms of property ownership. CONCEPT Think About It: What Did the American Revolution Mean? 13 Select the answer that correctly sequences these major battles and events in the Revolutionary War, from earliest to latest: A. Following the Battle of Saratoga, the French allied with the United States and provided weapons, cash, soldiers, and a naval fleet. B. British forces captured Savannah, Georgia and, subsequently, Charleston, South Carolina. C. Washington ignored military tradition and launched surprise attacks during the winter months in Trenton and Princeton, New Jersey. RATIONALE The surprise attack on Trenton by General Washington's army occurred in December of 1776. After the American victory in the Battle of Saratoga in 1777, France formed a military alliance with the United States in 1778. British forces captured Savannah (1779) and Charleston (1780), after most of the fighting had shifted to the South. CONCEPT The American War for Independence, 14 Select the option that does NOT support the colonists' position on the issue of taxation without representation. RATIONALE Colonists opposed the series of taxes passed by Parliament in the 1760s on the grounds that it was "taxation without representation," since they did not directly elect any representatives in Parliament. That taxes should only be imposed by elected representatives was a cherished right and tradition of the English. Therefore, they argued that Parliament had no authority to impose taxes on the colonies. CONCEPT Think About It: Is Taxation Un-American? 15 Which of the following describes slavery in the Southern colonies in the 18th century? RATIONALE As a "society with slaves," the Northern colonies benefitted economically from slavery. Yet slavery was not central to the North's mixed economy, as it was in the South. Northern slaves performed domestic labor, as well as work associated with the shipping industry. As a "slave society" organized around plantation agriculture, slavery was a vital component of the Southern economy, government, and social structure. The greater number of slaves in the South (compared to the North) heightened racial tensions and fears of violence, resulting in strict laws to enforce racial divisions. CONCEPT Think About It: What Was the Importance of Slavery to the Colonies? 16 Choose the statement that does NOT describe Patriots during the American Revolution. RATIONALE Patriots, colonists who rebelled against the British, viewed themselves as true defenders of individual liberty against tyrannical, in the tradition of England's Glorious Revolution. They were a diverse group that included rich and poor, and comprised approximately one-third of the colonial population. Loyalists, those who supported Great Britain during the the American Revolution, were also about one-third of the population. CONCEPT Choosing Sides in the American Revolution 17 Which of the following quotations — from documents associated with the American, French, and Haitian revolutions — exemplifies the Enlightenment idea of natural equality? RATIONALE The quotation "Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be founded only on common utility" is from the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. It is based on the Enlightenment idea of natural equality: the notion that all people are born free and equal with rights to life, liberty, and property. CONCEPT The American Revolution in a Global Context 18 Which statement was NOT a colonial response to the Stamp Act? RATIONALE The Stamp Act (1765), which imposed an internal tax on the colonies to pay for British troops in North America, increased doubts about Parliament's authority to tax colonists without colonial representation. After the repeal of the Stamp Act, the Townshend Acts (1767) sought to circumvent this debate by raising revenue through new taxes on imports (i.e., external taxes). By this time, however, many colonists questioned any form of taxation without representation, including external taxes designed to raise revenue (rather than regulate commerce). CONCEPT The Townshend Acts and Protest 19 Choose the false statement about causes or effects of the Boston Tea Party. RATIONALE By granting a monopoly and favorable tax treatment to the British East India Company on the sale of tea in the colonies, the Tea Act of 1773 had the effect of lowering the price of British tea for colonists. Colonists still rebelled, however, because British regulations regarding tea continued to signify "taxation without representation." CONCEPT Boston Tea Party 20 Why were protests against the Stamp Act effective in persuading British merchants to oppose the tax? RATIONALE Protests against the Stamp Act took the form of constitutional arguments, boycotts, and mob action. Colonial boycotts were particularly effective in persuading British merchants to oppose the act, because their businesses were suffering. CONCEPT The Stamp Act 21 All of the following statements suggest areas of conflict between the British and colonists following the French and Indian War EXCEPT . RATIONALE Tensions between the British and American colonists quickly emerged in the aftermath of the French and Indian War. A major source of tension was the Proclamation of 1763, which banned the sale of American Indian lands to speculators and white colonists, especially after colonists disregarded the edict. A series of acts imposed on the colonies, which were designed to raise revenue from colonists to help pay for the cost of maintaining the British empire, also contributed to tension. Finally, tension arose as many American colonists believed they were of equal stature as British citizens, a belief not shared by all in Parliament. CONCEPT The Aftermath of the French and Indian War 22 Choose the action that exemplifies salutary neglect. RATIONALE Salutary neglect is the term used to describe England's lax oversight of colonial trade and governance in British North America during the first half of the 18th century. The failure to punish a colonial smuggler engaging in trade prohibited by the Navigation Acts is an example of salutary neglect. CONCEPT England Strengthens its Imperial Colonies 23 Choose the statement that would NOT be attributable to John Locke and his Enlightenment ideas. RATIONALE John Locke is known for his theories on government, including: (a) the natural equality of man and his rights to life, liberty, and property; (b) the notion that government should represent a social contract between leaders and the people to protect these rights; and (c) the argument that the people should make changes in their government when it fails to protect natural rights. As an Enlightenment thinker, Locke would have rejected the divine rights of kings, or the notion that a monarch's authority was ordained by God. CONCEPT The Enlightenment and the Colonies 24 Which of the following was N of Rights? OT a result of the Glorious Revolution and the English Bill RATIONALE While the Glorious Revolution and the English Bill of Rights limited the power of the king and strengthened protections concerning individual liberty for English citizens, the Bill of Rights did not include a provision protecting the right of English citizens to hire representation in court. CONCEPT England Strengthens its Imperial Colonies 25 By 1750, American colonists were able to purchase more goods than previous generations on either side of the Atlantic could have imagined. This (A) consumer revolution led to closer ties between colonists and the British empire. A great awakening social contract consumer revolution wealthy class social status RATIONALE The development of the colonial economy in the 1700s, facilitated by the Navigation Acts, enabled colonists to purchase more English goods than ever before and to establish even stronger cultural ties with England. This increased access to British goods was known as the consumer revolution. CONCEPT Growth of the Colonies