BIOL235 Exam 2 Study Guide Graded A 2023

1. responsible for speaking ability (premotor for mouth and tongue, gives coordination of movement to speak, programs sound pattern of speech) - Broca's area 2. language comprehension (plans content of spoken words) - Wernicke's area 3. a set of interconnected brain areas that function in motivation, emotion, and memory - Limbic system 4. a gateway to the cortex: afferent signals synapse there, relayed to the cerebral cortex, provides some filtering of stimuli, diverting attention, can influence the nature of signals that go to the cerebrum - thalamus 5. inhibit muscle tone (contractions), inhibits unwanted movements (associated with Parkinson's/Huntington's disease), selects and maintains purposeful muscle activity while inhibiting useless movement, monitors and controls slow, sustained contractions (posture) - basal nuclei 6. influences voluntary movements to provide balance, posture, coordination, allows for motor learning/stores motor memory, helps provide smooth, coordinated body movement, compares motor cortex output with what is happening in the body - cerebellum 7. receives signals right from the thalamus when experiencing fearful stimuli, associated with the hippocampus and learning, ex. walking down a dark alley at night in a bad part of town will trigger the amygdala - amygdala 8. short-term memory (stored for a few minutes and can contain only a few items), items can be bumped from STM long-term memory (lasts years or more, generally stored in the cortex, includes factual info about the world and personal events) process may involve neurogenesis (making new neurons) 9. more experience means more likely to be in LTM - hippocampus ins reticular formation, which has cardiovascular, respiratory, and reflexive centers for basic body functions - brain stem