Milady Nail Written Exam Q&A Verified A+

Milady Nail Written Exam EMA (ethyl methacrylate) - Standard monomer liquid is made from this Polymerization - Polymer liquid made from special chemical reaction called: Methacrylates - Acrylic enhancement systems belong to this branch of the acrylic family MMA (methyl methacrylate) - Monomer liquid that is not recommended for use on nails Catalysts - Additives designed to speed up chemical reactions Polymerization - Another word for curing or hardening Coarse grit file - 100 grit or lower Medium grit file - 150-180 grit Fine grit file or buffer - 240 grit or higher Shiner - Buffer used to create high shine on natural nail or nail enhancement ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) - Nail tips commonly made from this Acrylic maintenance must be performed every - 2-3 weeks Apex (arch) - Area of the nail with the most strength Apex - Usually oval shaped and located in the center of the nail Stress area - Where the natural nail grows beyond the finger and becomes free edge Sidewall - Area on side of nail plate that grows free of natural attachment to nail fold and where extension leaves natural nail Oligomer - Short chain of monomers not long enough to be considered a polymer and often called a prepolymer Medium (180 grit) - Use this kind of abrasive for natural nail preparation Most common UV bulb on the market - 9-watt bulb Nail plate - Hardened keratin plate that sits on top of underlying nail bed Nail bed - Portion of the living skin that supports the nail plate as it grows toward the free edge Bed epithelium - Nail bed is attached to the nail plate by a thin layer of tissue called the: Matrix - Area where the nail plate cells are formed Cuticle - Dead colorless tissue attached to the nail plate Eponychium - Living skin at the base of the nail plate covering the matrix area Hyponychium - Slightly thickened layer of skin that lies between the fingertip and free edge of the nail plate Ligament - Tough band of fibrous tissue that attach nail bed and matrix bed to underlying bone Nail folds - Folds of normal skin surrounding the nail plate Nail groove - Furrow on each side of nail Sidewall, also called lateral fold - Fold of skin overlapping the side of the nail Average rate of nail plate growth per month in normal adult - 1/10" to 1/8" Complete replacement of the nail plate takes about - 4-6 months Complete replacement of the toenail plate usually takes - 9-12 months Normal healthy nail is: - Firm and flexible, shiny and slightly pink (or beige/yellow in some races) Bruised nail beds - Blood clot formed under nail plate, forming dark purplish spot Eggshell nails - Noticeably thin white nail plates much more flexible than normal Beau's lines - Visible depressions running across width of natural nail plate. Usually from major illness or injury that has traumatized the body. Hangnail (agnail) - Condition in which living skin around nail plate splits and tears. Leukonychia spots/white spots - Whitish discoloration found inside nail plate usually caused by injury to nail matrix Melanonychia - Darkening of fingernails or toenails. May be seen as black band within nail plate from base to free edge. Onychophagy - Bitten nails Onychorrhexis - Split or brittle nails that have a series of lengthwise ridges, giving rough appearance to nail plate. Plicatured nail - "Folded nail", highly curved nail plate often caused by injury to matrix. Nail pterygium - When skin is stretched by the nail plate. Usually caused by serious injury such as burns Splinter hemorrhages - Caused by physical trauma or injury to nail bed that damages capillaries and allows small amounts of blood flow. Pincer or trumpet nail - Free edge of nail pinching sidewalls into a deep curve Fungi - Parasites that under some circumstances may cause infection of the feet and hands Pseudomonas aeruginosa - Naturally occurring skin bacteria that can grow rapidly to cause infection if conditions are correct for growth Typical bacterial infection of the nail - Identified in early stages by yellow-green spot that becomes darker in advanced stages Onychosis - Any deformity or disease of the nails Onychia - Inflammation of the nail matrix followed by shedding of the natural nail plate Onychocryptosis - Ingrown nails Onycholysis - Lifting of the nail plate from the bed without shedding, usually beginning at free edge Onychomadesis - Separation and falling off of a nail plate from the bed Nail psoriasis - Often causes tiny pits or severe roughness on the surface of the nail plate Paronychia - Bacterial inflammation of the tissues surrounding the nail. Redness, pus, and swelling often seen in skin folds adjacent to nail plate. Pyogenic granuloma - Severe inflammation of nail in which a lump of red tissue grows up from bed to plate Onychomycosis - Fungal infection of nail plate. Nail primer - Substance that improves adhesion The three basic types of primers: - Acid-based, non-acid, acid-free