Final exam med surg comprehensive 2023 with 100% correct answers

How long does it typically take for food to reach the sigmoid colon? a. 6 hours b. 4 hours c. 12-24 hours d. 2.5 hours c. 24 hours Which diagnostic test detects abnormalities in the large intestine? a. barium swallow b. barium enema c. cholangiography d. small bowel series b. Barium enema The barium enema detects abnormalities of the large intestine. Barium swallow detects abnormalities of the esophagus and the stomach cholangiography detects abnormalities of the hepatic and biliary ducts small bowel series detects abnormalities of the small intestines A patient with hiatal hernia is getting ready to be discharged. The nurse reinforces teaching about how to prevent nighttime reflux. The best sleeping position for this patient is: a. side lying b. with HOB at 90 degrees c. flat d. with HOB elevated 6-12 inches d. with HOB elevated 6-12 inches The nurse is taking care of a patient with diverticulosis. Which side effect of opiates (such as morphine) result in opiates not being given to this patient? a. respiratory depression b. constipation c. hypersensitivity d. diarrhea b. constipation may not be given to pt with diverticulosis due to this side effect A patient has been admitted to the hospital for an abdominal hernia repair and is experiencing signs and symptoms of strangulation. Which are signs and symptoms of strangulation? (Select all that apply.) a. nausea b. vomiting c. coffee ground emesis d. pain e. black tarry stools f. fever g. tachycardia A. nausea b. vomitiing d. pain f. fever g. tachycardia The nurse is taking care of a patient with cirrhosis. The nurse recognizes which results of blood tests and procedures are consistent with cirrhosis? (Select all that apply.) a. elevated serum and urine bilirubin b. decreased serum enzymes c. increased total serum protein d. decreased cholesterol e. prolonged prothrombin time A. elevated serum and urine bilirubin d. decreased cholesterol e. prolonged prothrombin time The nurse observes that the patient with cirrhosis is developing hepatic encephalopathy. What neurologic symptoms are caused by a failing liver and excessive ammonia in the blood? (Select all that apply.) a. cognitive disturbances b. declining level of conciousness es in neuromuscular function d. numbness and tingling in extremities e. edema in extremities a. cognitive disturbances b. declining LOC c. changes in neuromuscular function A female patient comes to the community clinic and is diagnosed with hepatitis. This patient may be self-conscious about her appearance because of: a. skin rash b. redness c. ulcerations d. jaundice d. jaundice The nurse is teaching the patient about bile duct obstruction. Which are signs of bile duct obstruction that the nurse should emphasize? (Select all that apply.) a. blood in stool b. dark urine c. jaundice d. steatorrhea e. ascites b. dark urine c. jaundice d. steatorrhea