Summary CHEM UNIT III - CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS

CHEM UNIT III - CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS. Carbon: Carbon is an element with atomic number 6. It is a non-metal and belongs to group 14 of periodic table. Atomic Number: 6 Electronic Configuration: 2, 4. (1s22s22p2) Valence electrons: 4 Organic Compounds: Compounds having carbon atoms among the components are known as carbon compounds. Previously, carbon compounds could only be obtained from a living source; hence they are also known as organic compounds. Bonding In Carbon – The Covalent Bond The bond formed by sharing of electrons is called covalent bond. Compounds which are formed by covalent bond are called covalent compounds. Carbon generally forms covalent bonds with itself and other elements. Covalent bonds are of three types - single, double and triple covalent bond. Single Covalent Bond: Single covalent bond is formed by sharing of two electrons, one from each of the two atoms. It is represented by one dash ( – ) Formation of hydrogen molecule (H 2) Atomic Number of H = 1 Electronic configuration of H = 1. Valence electron of H = 1 Hydrogen forms duet, to obtain stable configuration. This configuration is similar to helium (a noble gas). Since, hydrogen has one electron in its valence shell, so it requires one more electron to form a duet. So, in the formation of hydrogen molecule; one electron from each of the hydrogen atoms is shared