Rasmussen PN 2 exam 1 (all correctly solved)

Normal sodium levels correct answers 135-145 mEq/L normal potassium levels correct answers 3.5-5.0 mEq/L Normal calcium levels correct answers 9 to 10.5 mg/dL normal chloride levels correct answers 98-106 Normal magnesium levels correct answers 1.8 to 2.6 hydrostatic pressure correct answers Water pushing pressure obligatory urine output correct answers urine output that is required to eliminate wastes, 400-600mL output/day insensible water loss correct answers continuous water loss you are not aware of; occurs through the skin and lungs, intestinal tract, stool, fistula, GI suction Aldosterone correct answers Secreted by the adrenal cortex when NA+ levels are low. Prevents water and sodium loss, promotes kidney K+ excretion. antidiuretic hormone/vasopressin correct answers Released from posterior pituitary gland. Retains water, low plasma NA+ levels inhibit ADH release Natriuretic peptides correct answers Hormones that play a role in cardiac homeostasis brain natriuretic peptide correct answers produced by ventricular muscle cells, secreted in response to increased blood volume and b/p renin-angiotensin system correct answers System that helps to regulate fluid balance and blood pressure through actions in the kidney. angiotensin correct answers Substance produced by renin that causes some vasoconstriction. Is activated by enzyme- converting enzyme ACE to active form angiotensin II Angiotensin II correct answers increases blood pressure by stimulating kidneys to reabsorb more water and by releasing aldosterone, increases blood volume Hypertension correct answers NA+ restrictions are in place due to raising blood levels of sodium, causing water to be retained in the blood volume and raising BP Dehydration correct answers Occurs fro too little intake or great loss of fluid